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Leslie Wehner - Explaining Failed Free Trade Agreement Negotiations

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Leslie Wehner

Explaining Failed Free Trade Agreement Negotiations

Series: Weltwirtschaft und internationale Zusammenarbeit

Volume 9 2010

Results in this title

The Negotiation Process S. 119-122

„… aim of this chapter is to explain the process of the negotiation between Chile and Panama and assess …” „… the process and I present the most sensitive issue-areas of the negotiation. I will show that problems …” „… Negotiation Process The FTA negotiations between Chile and Panama were held from November 1996 to August 1998 …”

An Overview of the Negotiation Process S. 171-177

„… present an overview of the whole process including the negotiation of the FTA normative text between the …” „… sensitive issues, which are important for understanding the process that made the bilateral negotiation …” „… the Negotiation Process Panama and Costa Rica are competitive trade partners.134 In fact both …”

Intergovernmental Factors S. 203-226

„… negotiation a failed case presents internal and external aspects of the bargaining process. The conditions …” „… , the more costly it becomes not to outline the non-negotiable at the outset of the negotiation process …” „… process as a way to conclude negotiations over the normative frame before Chile’s electoral period in 1999 …”

Conditions to Stall a Negotiation S. 79-86

„… spheres of the political process determines the course and the momentum of the negotiation by empowering …” „… affect the result of the FTA negotiation process. These conditions unfold in a similar timing and they …” „… available to influence the negotiation process, and have access to information on the likely consequences if …”

Theory of Negotiation S. 48-56

„… is that of Terrence Hopmann (The Negotiation Process and the Resolution of International Conflicts …” „… negotiation of the Panama Canal. He uses game theory to explain the different phases of a negotiation process …” „… pre-negotiation stage. In the negotiation process, this zone of agreement can be expanded or reduced depending on …”

Operationalisation S. 86-92

„… position in the process of an economic negotiation may change, it is necessary to follow the process …” „… with an FTA can politicise a negotiation from within the 89process (by articulating blocking positions …” „… negotiations have. These electoral processes are diverse and include city council elections, elections for …”

Reasons to Study Stalled Negotiations S. 26-28

„… international relations. If one wants to capture or rebuild part of the negotiation process, a scholar should be …” „… as joint-problem solving.5 In addition, the literature that focuses on the process of negotiation …” „… approaches have also refereed to non-agreement as a reference point for the negotiation process i.e. the …”

The Different Force of the Conditions to Explain Failure S. 237-240

„… entire negotiation process, despite the strong lobby efforts of the domestic groups losing through this …” „… developed simultaneously. This is true for most of the process, excepting the pre-negotiation phase in which …” „… FTA negotiations are kept aside, the process of what brought these negotiations to a standstill also …”

Common Aspects of the Two Failed FTA Negotiations S. 231-237

„… Panama. This ratification process and the domestic negotiation with the agricultural sector impeded the …” „… option did not mean that the domestic groups supporting the respective FTA negotiations left the process …” „… negotiation process seems to work better in the service sector than in market access. Market access is still …”

Methodological Considerations S. 34-36

„… their channels of influence on the negotiation process as well as the eventual coalitions they build to …” „… re-launching processes took the dynamics of new negotiation processes. Both negotiations had to start from zero …” „… theoretical framework to explain the process that makes an FTA negotiation stall. Recreating a negotiation is …”

Answering the questions through the process S. 248-251

„… process The divergence of interests is a key factor that starts a negotiation with a narrow zone of …” „… Rica-Panama negotiation, were successful in linking their sector loss to processes such as the referendum in …” „… alternative FTAs with third countries. The intergovernmental process of the negotiation presented these …”

Intergovernmental Factors S. 147-168

„… 147 6. Intergovernmental Negotiation between Chile and Panama 6.1 Introduction An FTA process at …” „… also be a conflict-absent process in the negotiation if both countries have concordant views on the …” „… misperceive what the other was willing to offer, negotiate and not negotiate in the FTA negotiation process …”

Theories of International Relations/International Political Economy S. 43-48

„… negotiation between states are the governments. Thus, can intergovernmentalism explain the process that leads …” „… actors) to explain the context and the negotiation process that lead to a stalemate. Yet, constructivism …” „… applied to the “closed” process of negotiations. A negotiation, no matter what it is about, is all about …”

Delimitation of the Study S. 28-29

„… of offering more consistent analytical frames to explain FTA negotiations processes, when hard …” „… processes or the states’ positions within the negotiations as such, they offer some insights on the role of …” „… institutional setting, neglecting the role of the negotiation process in that outcome. Therefore, negotiations …”

The Two Failed FTA Negotiations vis-à-vis Other Cases S. 240-245

„… parties agreed to resume the FTA negotiation in 2007 after the process halted in 2006. However there is no …” „… the process and I make no generalisations as more research on this specific negotiation should be …” „… place in which negotiations were held whenever Korea hosted the process. Recently, the Seoul Japan Club …”

Justification of the Case Studies Selection S. 32-34

„… products. Second, the phenomena of FTAs and the negotiation processes of these types of accords between …” „… on the political process of state to state FTA negotiations in Latin America. An exception again is …” „… actors and their channels of influence on the negotiation process as well as the eventual coalitions they …”

The Process: Internal and External Dimensions S. 66-78

„… process that leads to stall an FTA negotiation (see figure 2: 66). The maintenance through time of TB and …” „… negotiation process is that they can articulate a more coherent group. It is thus more likely that a member …” „… the negotiation, since the congress or its members are not included in the negotiation process …”

Differences of the Two FTA Negotiations S. 227-231

„… of this chapter, I present the peculiarities of each negotiation process. In the second sub-section …” „… international conditions on the failed FTA negotiation processes of Chile and Panama, and Costa Rica and Panama …” „… negotiation process along with sugar and rice products (El Diario 18/01/1998: 29; interviews with Oscar Quina …”

Domestic Factors S. 122-145

„… 122The formal negotiation process started in November 1996, although assessments and studies were …” „… in the negotiation process as FEDAP predicted it would be used as a bargaining chip for the …” „… negotiation, they left the table in order to not back up the negotiation process. Tactically it was more …”

Conceptual Clarifications S. 29-30

„… 29Second, the study at stake here will partially reconstruct the negotiation process. Even though …” „… as the pre- and the negotiation processes that lead to a stalemate. Therefore, this work does not go …” „… may be understood here as the process in which both parties of an FTA negotiation could not reach a …”

Domestic Factors S. 177-202

„… of this negotiation, although it provides a good explanation of why the process was so complicated to …” „… given to Costa Rica. In the same vein of criticising the negotiation process with Costa Rica through …” „… approved by the UPANACIONAL and CNAA on 19th of July, the process of the negotiation with Panama stalled …”

Concluding Remarks S. 168-171

„… negotiations of this process were launched in April 1998 during the summit of Santiago. To sum up, the …” „… negotiation was based on the previous negotiating experience Chile had in the FTA process with Canada. Chile …” „… of leadership skills within the process to redirect the negotiation was a missing element that may …”

The Argument S. 25-26

„… : closeness to elections) should be seen as complementary forces to the “internal” negotiation process. These …” „… . Other important external factors to the negotiation process have a domestic and an international …” „… negotiating FTAs and in most of these negotiation processes they reached an outcome of agreement. This is also …”

Theoretical Implications S. 251-253

„… not manifesting the non-negotiable issues of the negotiation at the outset of the process; of the lack …” „… at the outset of the process in these two FTA negotiations become supplementary forces for the …” „… negotiation as these interregional processes involve domestic, regional grouping coordination, and …”

The Literature on the Case Studies S. 56-63

„… detail the FTA negotiations processes as such, since it is not the aim of his article. Nevertheless this …” „… preference of domestic and public agents as well as the relevant actors in the process of FTA negotiations …” „… economic processes (Bull 2008). Moreover, there are overviews of the early negotiation processes such as …”

Concluding Remarks S. 245-247

„… International Trade-Canada 21/11/2001). After ten rounds of negotiation the process stalled in 2004. One of the …” „… conditions for failure that explained the failed processes of FTA negotiations of Chile-Panama and Costa …” „… internal process of a negotiation on its two levels, but include forces external to the bargaining. Factors …”

Concluding Remarks S. 145-147

„… and constructed by FEDAP extended the negotiation until it was caught in an electoral process. The …” „… causes for such failure in the negotiations. The intergovernmental negotiation process as well as the …” „… negotiations. This chapter deals with the process and conditions at the intergovernmental level, which bring …”

Empirical Puzzle, Aims and Questions S. 23-25

„… benefits and losses for domestic actors. Despite the fact that the negotiation process of an FTA is …” „… negotiations in 1998 and 2002 respectively and not on the relaunching process in 2005 and 2006. 1 Examples of …” „… ) should be seen as complementary forces to the “internal” negotiation process. These together provide a …”

Costa Rica S. 102-109

„… with the purpose of assessing the different negotiation processes as well as setting an agenda for the …” „… negotiations with Panama, Costa Rica was in a process of conducting technical studies to negotiate an FTA …” „… Panama (COMEX 2000a: 2). Amongst the most important ones in the process of preparing a negotiation and …”

Panama S. 109-118

„… resources. This is also the case for the negotiation with Chile as the preparatory process of FTAA …” „… negotiation process of an FTA, there are: the Union of Industrials of Panama (SIP); Panamanian Insurance …” „… negotiation process is the task I turn to in the following chapters. …”

The Key Questions Answered S. 247-248

„… internal process of a negotiation on its two levels, but include forces external to the bargaining. Factors …” „… and tactics, as shown in this work. The political process matters for countries in a negotiation as …” „… result of non-agreement in these two negotiations. 10.2 Answering the questions through the process The …”

Concluding Remarks S. 202-203

„… Concluding Remarks This chapter analysed the negotiation process at the domestic level. The divergence of …” „… . To understand the whole process that converted this negotiation to a failed case, it is necessary to …” „… analyse the simultaneous process of the interstate negotiation. 203 8. Intergovernmental Negotiation …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-14

„… draft texts of the negotiation as well as minutes and different documents related to these processes. In …” „… Dimension 119 5.1 Introduction 119 5.2 The Negotiation Process 119 5.3 Domestic Factors 122 5.3.1 …” „… 6.2.4 The Weight of Other FTA Processes 164 6.3 Concluding Remarks 168 7. The FTA Negotiation …”

Concluding Remarks S. 226-227

„… , I present the peculiarities of each negotiation process. In the second sub-section, I analyse the …” „… similarities of the two FTA negotiations, following the conditions that explain the process of failure. In a …” „… failed FTA negotiation processes of Chile and Panama, and Costa Rica and Panama. However, I also argue …”

The Negotiation between Chile and Panama S. 30-31

„… (Corning 2007: 45). The negotiation process of an FTA is thus the means to realise the goal of achieving …” „… negotiations to achieve a particular outcome during the process. Tactics are then specific actions embedded …” „… the negotiation that may affect such a process in its domestic or international dimensions. Therefore …”

Chile S. 95-102

„… negotiations and by giving priority to other FTA process. These previous accords allow us to detect the …” „… different negotiation processes as well as setting an agenda for the Interministerial Committee. Both new …” „… preferences are articulated and processed in FTA negotiation in an inside-out way. 40 This was finally …”

Material: The Constraints of Qualitative Sources S. 36-38

„… country as well as an overview of these countries’ respective FTA negotiation processes as a whole. In …” „… briefly present the re-launching process of these FTA negotiations as a way to complete the two sides of …” „… negotiations. Moreover, a focused comparison may help to shed light over other cases of stalled FTA …”

Hypotheses S. 78-79

„… the non-negotiable issues of the negotiation at the outset of the process; of the lack of exerting …” „… win-set is reduced if the alternative options are worse than the current process. ? If the alternatives …” „… outside are better than the negotiation, this may stall. ? Aggressive bargaining on both sides ? Both …”

An overview S. 255-259

„… signed the FTA in June 2006 (see www.sice.oas.org). However, the negotiation process started from zero as …” „… 255 11. Epilogue: Re-launching Negotiations 11.1. An overview 11.1.1 Chile-Panama In 2005 …” „… , Chile and Panama started talks to re-launch the FTA negotiation stalled from 1998. These two countries …”

Organisation of the Study S. 38

„… of each country as well as an overview of these countries’ respective FTA negotiation processes as a …” „… intergovernmental negotiation and the internal and external factors at this level that explain the failed process …” „… briefly present the re-launching process of these FTA negotiations as a way to complete the two sides of …”

For Future Research S. 253-255

„… that was present throughout this research was the re-launch of these negotiation processes, as the FTA …” „… negotiation process started from zero as what was negotiated in the period 1996-98 regarding market access …” „… section. As this work had the goal of explaining the reasons for failure of two FTA negotiations, it …”

Concepts and Definitions S. 21-22

„… : is the combination of value claiming and value creating strategies in a negotiation process. A …” „… facilitates the negotiation process as parties develop a sense of mutual understanding for the reasons of …” „… : are the bottom line of what it is acceptable in a negotiation for the parties involved in such process …”

Concluding Remarks S. 118-119

„… negotiation process is the task I turn to in the following chapters. 119 5. The FTA Negotiation between …” „… process of the negotiation between Chile and Panama and assess the conditions that brought this FTA …” „… breakdown of the negotiation, I give an overview of the process and I present the most sensitive issue-areas …”

Introduction S. 65-66

„… process of non-agreement in an FTA negotiation relies on an inside-out framework of analysis that takes …” „… constraints to the negotiation process. This option is not necessarily the optimal for actors’ purposes but it …” „… negotiation process by using side payments. The negotiation can also be shaped by interest groups, who at …”

Concluding Remarks S. 63-65

„… theoretical approach that I will use to explain the process of non-agreement in an FTA negotiation relies on …” „… the context as well as the internal and external constraints to the negotiation process. This option …” „… manipulate FTA negotiations before and during the formal negotiation process by using side payments. The …”

The Field of Economics S. 41-43

„… process. The stalemate of some FTA negotiations is thus possibly related to the fact that protectionism …” „… negotiation levels. This theory does not explain the process by which a government changes its initial …” „… can provide some tools to explain the phenomenon of stalled FTA negotiations. The theoretical …”

Introduction S. 171

„… present an overview of the whole process including the negotiation of the FTA normative text between the …” „… sensitive issues, which are important for understanding the process that made the bilateral negotiation …” „… the Negotiation Process Panama and Costa Rica are competitive trade partners.134 In fact both …”

Introduction S. 147

„… 147 6. Intergovernmental Negotiation between Chile and Panama 6.1 Introduction An FTA process at …” „… also be a conflict-absent process in the negotiation if both countries have concordant views on the …” „… the external influences of other simultaneous or future FTA negotiations. This chapter deals with the …”

Introduction S. 227

„… of this chapter, I present the peculiarities of each negotiation process. In the second sub-section …” „… international conditions on the failed FTA negotiation processes of Chile and Panama, and Costa Rica and Panama …” „… 227 9. Comparing the Two Failed FTA Negotiations 9.1 Introduction This chapter compares the two …”

Introduction S. 119

„… aim of this chapter is to explain the process of the negotiation between Chile and Panama and assess …” „… the process and I present the most sensitive issue-areas of the negotiation. I will show that problems …” „… Negotiation Process The FTA negotiations between Chile and Panama were held from November 1996 to August 1998 …”

Introduction S. 203

„… negotiation a failed case presents internal and external aspects of the bargaining process. The conditions …” „… 203 8. Intergovernmental Negotiation between Costa Rica and Panama 8.1 Introduction The state to …” „… , and moves or non-moves in relation to other states. The interstate negotiation that made this FTA …”

Internet Pages S. 261-287

„… ). Issue Definition and Two-Level Negotiations: An Application to the Foreign Policy Process. Diplomacy and …” „… ): 71-96. Hopmann, T. (1996). The Negotiation Process and the Resolution of International Conflicts …” „… : 89-135. Al-Ghamdi, S. (1999). “Success and Failure in Saudi-American Negotiations: American Views …”

The Negotiation between Panama and Costa Rica S. 31-32

„… 311.6.1 The Negotiation between Chile and Panama The FTA negotiation was first launched in 1996 …” „… under the initial request of the government of Panama. Between 1996 and 1998, 15 rounds of negotiations …” „… were held between the parties (Ferrer 2001). In August 1998 the negotiations reached a stalemate. They …”

Concluding Remarks S. 92

„… . Indicators of the weight of other FTA processes are the debate and the direct references regarding the …” „… previous FTA experiences, and regarding the importance of launching negotiations with other countries …” „… stakes in FTA negotiations, and documents and public declarations of government officials and negotiators …”

Introduction S. 93-95

„… conducted before the negotiations Chile-Panama, and Costa Rica-Panama. Finally, I present the main actors …” „… , and groups of the FTA negotiations as well as how they interact in these negotiations, conceiving this …” „… processes as having a domestic and international dimension i.e. double-track diplomacy. 4.2 Chile 4.2.1 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845225579

Armagan Öztürk, Ayhan Bilgin - The Transformation of Public Sphere

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Armagan Öztürk (ed.), Ayhan Bilgin (ed.)

The Transformation of Public Sphere

Series: Politics, Society and Culture in Turkey | Politik, Gesellschaft und Kultur in der Türkei

Volume 1 2017

Results in this title

H. Kutay Aytuğ Institutional Transformation of Turkey in the EU Negotiation Process: The Case of Ombudsman S. 309-322

„… Institutional Transformation of Turkey in the EU Negotiation Process: The Case of Ombudsman H …” „… Union (EU) negotiation process. Ombudsman is a construct that may offer new opportunities in helping …” „… Governance. Institutional Transformation of Turkey in the EU Negotiation Process 311 conventional …”

Murat Satıcı A Debate on Publicity and Turkey’s Democracy Notion S. 13-30

„… negotiations carried out both legally and de facto, and there is no established negotiation process on the …” „… . embraced the economic liberalism. But liberal democratic process which are essential elements in the …” „… these conditions issued from the public process of critical debate lay claim to being in accord with …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-12

„… "Institutional Transformation of Turkey in the Negotiation Process: The Case of Ombudsman". The writer analyzes …” „… in the EU Negotiation Process: The Case of Ombudsman 309 H. Kutay Aytuğ Content 12 …” „… has an important weight within the deepening process of the pluralist perspective of the concepts of …”

Emre Bağce, Fatih Demir Democracy in Parliamentary and Presidential Systems and the Choice of Turkey: A Comparative Analysis S. 285-308

„… processes in political, social, economic and military aspects. In the summer of 2016 a coup attempt took …” „… ” camp won by a margin of 51 to 49 percent. Referendum process produced several debates including the …” „… be on the reasons and processes of transition from parliamentary to presidential system in Turkey …”

Funda Çoban Structural Transformation of Anatolian Publicity after the Rise of Shopping Malls in the Provincial Cities S. 195-218

„… process in Turkey. The last issue -the technical one- is the lack of sociological or political studies on …” „… of historical processes which find their counterparts within the economic and political transitions …” „… outputs in provinces only after the 2000 s. During the process, an emerging capitalist bloc called …”

Yavuz Çobanoğlu Transformation of the Public Sphere in Turkey and Islamism: An Introduction to the Hegemony, Power, Morality and Legitimacy Struggles S. 103-134

„… the limits of the concepts produced in the process which has started with arguments carried out within …” „… of rights, organizing, negotiation, liberty and freedoms shifted to private sphere as the space of …” „… political Islamist The Welfare Party gained its first victory in the 1994 elections. This process turned the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845286303

Stefan Ahlswede - Israel's European policy after the Cold War

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Stefan Ahlswede

Israel's European policy after the Cold War

Series: Düsseldorfer Schriften zu Internationaler Politik und Völkerrecht

Volume 6 2009

Results in this title

Exploratory talks S. 144-146

„… and declared the o?cial commencement of negotiations with the PLO within the peace process. Five days …” „… expected that now, with the dramatic progress in the peace process, progress in negotiations with the EC …” „… nothing spectacular concerning the Jordanians either. Israel could not agree on an agenda for negotiations …”

Excursion: the EC agrees to negotiations – a success of Israeli policy? S. 134-144

„… negotiations for an improved Israeli status without progress in the peace process. Shamir of course never …” „… developments in the peace process when considering EC-Israel economic relations. Progress in negotiations with …” „… the peace process itself or not. Accordingly, the EC’s willingness to open negotiations was a result …”

Rhetoric S. 186-193

„… 186 ticular, for their stand in negotiations. Charish charged the Foreign Ministry were intervening …” „… Foreign Ministry’s negotiation style gave an impression of weakness, and Peres, reckless in his quest for …” „… vision at all, but acted narrow-mindedly at the negotiations like merchants with a grocery list, and not …”

Israel’s motivation to agree S. 77-85

„… negotiations. The role Peres envisioned for Europe in his e?orts was to support the political process by …” „… prosperity it would bring i. e. greater readiness to make concessions in the peace process. In 1988, however …” „… was motivated by opposition to Israel’s peace process policy. Perceived as threatening Israel’s …”

Aims in detail S. 153-160

„… negotiations integration into the European market of some sort, paralleled by participation in EC R&D …” „… in the negotiations came down to seeing how much it could get at the time. 4.5.2. Aims in detail …” „… Whilst Israel had no clear idea of what its goal should be in the negotiations, it did have a list of …”

Use the EU’s good services S. 247-250

„… cooled and peace negotiations increasingly paralysed, the Barcelona Process became more and more …” „… integration policy, namely the Barcelona Process of the EU’s Mediterranean policy. With Israeli-EU relations …” „… even achieve some progress with Israel’s negotiation partners of the stalled peace talks …”

The ministerial officials S. 202-205

„… departments that formed the Israeli negotiation team. In what can be thought of as an informal …” „… details of the negotiations and in day-to-day issues of Israel-EC economic relations, not only within the …” „… framework of the negotiation team – and well beyond the EMA negotiations, too. Depending on the issue at …”

The EU’s special envoy to the Middle East S. 98-104

„… the time, Israeli-Palestinian negotiations were set to resume at the Erez checkpoint of the Gaza Strip …” „… the peace process, whilst Israel at the same time had signalled to the Europeans to stay out of the …” „… negotiations.250 Whilst Netanyahu was travelling around Europe, riots broke out amongst Palestinians after …”

The dispute on rules of origin S. 160-164

„… should be. Obviously, in the dynamic process of negotiations, the two levels are closely inter-related …” „… outward processing tra?c.492 During negotiations, the dispute was generally about a more flexible …” „… , in the words of an EU o?cial involved in the negotiations, outward processing tra?c of textiles was …”

External operational environment S. 29-42

„… beginning of more intense international e?orts in the Arab-Israeli peace process. Secret negotiations …” „… Palestinian state at the end of the process. Negotiations resumed in Camp David in July 2000 but failed to …” „… dictate the Arab side’s conditions.26 Israel, in contrast, has always insisted on direct negotiations with …”

Sign or keep negotiating? S. 179-186

„… prolonged controversy concerning an upgrading of Israel-EU relations centred on the end of negotiations: had …” „… enough been achieved to sign the agreement? After ten months of negotiations, at the end of 1994, the EU …” „… believed it would be advantageous to finish negotiations in 1994, as long as the Germans were presiding …”

The Inter-Ministerial Director Generals’ Committee for Economic International Affairs S. 205-207

„… various ministries, have only rarely been actively involved in the policy process as individual actors. As …” „… been an important forum in Israel’s European policy process. The DGC has been involved in the upgrading …” „… Israel’s aims in the upcoming negotiations. Also, the DGC was the body to issue the mandate to the Foreign …”

Remarks on Israel’s policy style S. 221-225

„… perhaps is the low-profile attitude that Israel displayed towards the negotiations. In summary, Israel …” „… came to the negotiations with the Foreign Ministry’s vague political objective for closer relations, a …” „… Correspondingly, Israel entered negotiations without clear-cut objectives what was to be achieved let alone a …”

The politicians S. 207-211

„… 207 would have been possible for the o?cials of the negotiation team to take the decision …” „… , the politicians. Following the tripartite model, the policy process can be subdivided into three …” „… phases of the policy process, policy formulation and implementation. 667 Ahlswede, 1998t. 208 4.8.3.1 …”

Conflicting visions S. 220-221

„… manifestations of the same single process, the upgrading of relations, both expressing Israel’s special status as …” „… negotiations. In summary, Israel came to the negotiations with the Foreign Ministry’s vague political objective …” „… its field of responsibility.691 Correspondingly, Israel entered negotiations without clear-cut …”

Further measures S. 195-202

„… essential to demonstrate to their voters and clientele that they take a strong stand in negotiations in …” „… , Israel’s asset in the negotiations did not lie in what it could o?er or threaten economically and not in …” „… . It is a behaviour in the peace process compatible with the Europeans’ ideas that prompts the EU to be …”

Sanctions, threats and retaliation S. 193-195

„… the EU in the negotiations. It also resorted to polemics and threats to further its aims. In …” „… procrastinating and “sleeping through the progress in the peace process”. Similarly, Israeli o?cials came out …” „… attacking the EU for a “complete lack of political vision” in negotiations for the EMA and for not …”

The EU as the facilitator of peace S. 243-247

„… cooled and peace negotiations increasingly paralysed, the Barcelona Process became more and more …” „… process. So far, Israeli foreign behaviour has been consistent over the period under analysis here. Closer …” „… is to convince the Arabs to come to the negotiation table”, Shamir thus told the French Foreign …”

The role of private interest groups S. 212-215

„… promoted and pursued this aim across all phases of the policy process. Together with the core circle of the …” „… during the negotiating process, but so were the agriculturists. Industrialists and agriculturists …” „… repeatedly and publicly called on the government to take a tougher negotiating stand, freeze negotiations if …”

Conclusion S. 76-77

„… opposition against the Israeli government’s policy in the occupied territories. It was this peace-process …” „… that its measures might have served as a catalyst of an inevitable process – which itself is no …” „… readiness to make concessions in the peace process. In 1988, however, there was extraordinarily very little …”

The ministerial officials S. 235-237

„… inter-ministerial squabbles aside and championed the Israeli interest in negotiations. In summary, politicians have …” „… only been active in formulation when peace process policy or matters of national prestige have been …” „… most central in the policy process as soon as integration policy is concerned, all the more so as …”

Token role of the EU S. 259-261

„… between processors and, in the negotiations for the EMA and in integration policy in general, an …” „… been the Europeans’ central concern, considered more important than a factual role in the peace process …” „… , the EC’s joy for being admitted promised to be helpful in negotiations for an upgrading of EC- 754 See …”

The actors S. 97-98

„… , Israeli-Palestinian negotiations were set to resume at the Erez checkpoint of the Gaza Strip. The EU, worried about …” „… the posture of the new hawkish Netanyahu government, had pushed for progress in the peace process …” „… , whilst Israel at the same time had signalled to the Europeans to stay out of the negotiations.250 Whilst …”

The dispute on public procurement S. 164-166

„… 164 peace process looked dim in the EU’s eyes with a procrastinating Netanyahu government. In …” „… in the negotiations, simply for the lack of Israeli-Jordanian and Jordanian-EU free trade agreements …” „… start of negotiations in February 1994, Micha Charish, Israel’s Minister of Industry and Trade, was …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… Barcelona Process 104 3.5.1. Nature and aims of the EMP 104 3.5.2. An assessment after ten years 106 3.5.3 …” „… integration 130 4.3. The history of scientific cooperation with the EC 132 4.4. The run-up to the negotiations …” „… 134 4.4.1. Excursion: the EC agrees to negotiations – a success of Israeli policy? 142 4.4.2 …”

Virtual implementation S. 257-258

„… than a short- or, at most, mid-term delay in the negotiations. Israeli Foreign Ministry o?cials had …” „… international arena, it is very unlikely that the danger of running into di?culty in negotiations with the EC …” „… the Middle East was used by Israel to simulate interest in progress in the peace process when it had …”

A special case: Avi Primor S. 211-212

„… last phase of the policy process, the implementation of policy vis-à-vis the EU. This is particularly …” „… poignant with the Prime Minister, whose activity in the policy process has been limited to this phase …” „… , abroad as well as particularly in Israel, backed up Israel’s stance in the negotiations. Not uncommonly …”

The internal dispute on Israel’s goal S. 170-174

„… negotiations for the EMA.533 Of the Israeli ministries involved with the negotiations, the Ministries of …” „… negotiation team, the Ministries of Finance, of Industry and Trade and the Foreign Ministry. The Ministry of …” „… . The Ministry of Industry and Trade, whilst being the only trade professionals in the negotiation team …”

Internal operational environment S. 42-48

„… end of the process. Negotiations resumed in Camp David in July 2000 but failed to lead to an agreement …” „… solution to their conflict. The Oslo Accords set o? a process in which Israel should transfer territory and …” „… period, originally planned for 1999. Hopes were high that the process would gain speed again with the …”

Further actors S. 237-239

„… groups have not been processors in the policy process. Private interest groups have been active in …” „… other hand, Primor’s and the Professional’s weight in the policy process shows how influential dedicated …” „… negotiations for closer association with the EU, and issuing guidelines to the negotiators as well as assessing …”

Levy’s perception of what was agreed upon with the EC in June S. 85-87

„… to a European role in the peace process whilst the EC agreed to negotiate renewing the 1975 TCA …” „… general, see Greilsammer, 1988, Greilsammer, 1989 and Greilsammer, 1990. 86 the peace process. However …” „… negotiations. From the tone of his statements on return from Brussels and Paris, however, it should seem that …”

Motivation of the European Parliament S. 59-65

„… without peace negotiations. The Likud ministers in particular rejected the EC’s decision as interference …” „… progress,104 apart from on another front: after years of negotiations, Israel and the EC had reached …” „… Tochtergesellschaft von Agrexco], 1987. 105 Greilsammer, 1991, p. 307. 61 The EC had put negotiations for an …”

Israel’s perspective S. 108-113

„… besides the peace negotiations. The more the Madrid and Oslo processes ground to a halt, the more valuable …” „… has not been welcomed 296 Tovias, 2002. 297 The Madrid process’ multilateral Middle East negotiations …” „… . Using this logic, the EU’s strategy behind the Barcelona Process would be, on the one hand, to improve …”

Bureaucratic units S. 237

„… other hand, Primor’s and the Professional’s weight in the policy process shows how influential dedicated …” „… negotiations for closer association with the EU, and issuing guidelines to the negotiators as well as assessing …” „… policy vis-àvis Europe, in the negotiations for closer association as well as thereafter. 5.2.4. Further …”

Portray behaviour as if caused by EU attitude: the issue of the deportees S. 255-257

„… awkward in negotiations for upgrading the TCA if the issue of the deportees were not resolved. True, the …” „… Israel’s sensi- 747 Peres: Sanctions would kill peace process, 1993. 748 Cabinet agrees to return 100 …” „… , mid-term delay in the negotiations. Israeli Foreign Ministry o?cials had been convinced all along that …”

Israel’s motivation to agree S. 89-97

„… , providing for a limited Palestinian autonomy in roughly a third of the occupied territories. Negotiations on …” „… permanent status arrangements – the third and final stage of the Israel-Palestinian peace process envisioned …” „… in the Oslo Accords – were set to begin in early May 1996. Peace negotiations between Israel and …”

Bounded slippage and emergencism S. 261-262

„… between processors and, in the negotiations for the EMA and in integration policy in general, an …” „… that Israel could employ peace process policy for ends with Europe. As a result, Israel is not in a …” „… accepted a European delegation to the Madrid conference, the EC should in turn agree to negotiation on a …”

Tactic S. 70-75

„… 70 shared their Minister’s view on peace process politics. It is therefore conceivable that the …” „… perception in Israel thus was that unquestionably it was Israel’s peace process policy at which the EC’s …” „… ratify the protocols was seen as targeting Israel’s peace process policy – the Parliament’s behaviour was …”

Hibernation S. 258-259

„… used by Israel to simulate interest in progress in the peace process when it had none. 5.5.4 …” „… background of this behavioural pattern is the disparate correlation between peace process policy and …” „… Israel’s behaviour in the peace process. Israel however is not prepared to have its peace process policy …”

Nature and aims of the EMP S. 104-106

„… could demonstrate it was not being inactive in the peace process but was happily willing to use any good …” „… services to advance the process. A display of inactivity would have been risky. A return of the United …” „… , should Israel appear bluntly not interested in progress in the peace process. The EU special envoy thus …”

The ministerial officials S. 119-121

„… . The openness of Europe’s door is a function of Israel’s performance in the peace process. Peace …” „… process policy, then again, is Israel’s first foreign policy priority whilst relations with Europe rank …” „… process policy to further relations with Europe. Israel’s vital European aims thus fall foul of matters …”

An assessment after ten years S. 106-108

„… , of which the Barcelona Process is but one. For the most part, the Barcelona Declaration’s calls for …” „… civil war. The Barcelona Process appears to have fallen behind schedule regarding economic integration …” „… exports of industrial goods are now being gradually removed, and negotiations on trade in agri- 278 …”

The role of the US S. 253-254

„… seems far fetched though, since many other factors contributed to the progress in the peace process, and …” „… US with European alternatives: examples have been Israel’s use of the Barcelona process as a …” „… substitute for the deadlocked, US-led peace process, or the employment of the EU special envoy as a dummy and …”

The politicians S. 232-235

„… towards the EC/ EU? For a better understanding, we divided the policy process into three phases: an agenda …” „… with the politicians. 5.2.1. The politicians Politicians with a role in the policy process have been …” „… have a perceivable influence on Israel’s behaviour vis-à-vis Europe. In the tripartite policy process …”

The German channel S. 254-255

„… process as a substitute for the deadlocked, US-led peace process, or the employment of the EU special …” „… any negotiation situation between two international actors: lobbying the other’s legislative and …”

Has Israel achieved its aims? S. 251-253

„… the peace process stuck, Israel could not hope for great leaps in recognition by its Middle Eastern …” „… aim particularly thanks to the Barcelona Process, which o?ered Israel an alternative forum to …” „… socialise with its neighbours when the peace process had broken down. Israel has also been able to use a …”

Why has Israel been successful? S. 218-220

„… e?orts, consultations on upgrading of relations got under way, and five years on negotiations concluded …” „… Arab-Israeli peace process making fast progress in 1993 and 1994, the implementation of this strategy had …” „… the peace process made Euro-Mediterranean relations break out of this vicious circle. The 1995 …”

Reference List S. 285-322

„… ): http://www.altawasul.net/MFA/Peace %20Process/Guide %20 to %20the %20Peace %20Process/Israel-Palestinian %20Negotiations. Israel on …” „… Process/Gaza-Jericho %20Agreement %20Annex %20IV %20- %20Economic %20Protoco. The Israel-Palestinian negotiations (2007 …” „… + Process/Guide+to+the+Peace+Process/Main+Points+of+the+Protocol+Concerning+ the+Redeplo.htm. Acquisition of Israeli nationality (1998). Retrieved March 30, 2009, from Israel …”

Scientific interest S. 13-15

„… calling for negotiations with the Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) whilst failing to mention Arab …” „… of peace process policy had a profound impact on Israel’s policy towards 1 Keohane & Nye, 1977. 15 …”

The dispute on the EU’s R&D programme S. 174-179

„… in the R&D programme as Israel’s main priority in the EMA negotiations.555 He deman- 551 Ahlswede …” „… negotiations.566 Israel accordingly found US$30 million annual membership fees too much to not be able to …” „… by Charish prevented Israeli approval. With both Israel and the EU unrelenting, negotiations for the …”

The dispute on agricultural products S. 166-167

„… issues in the EMA negotiations. Both Israel and the EU have got a long record of protecting their …” „… was the issue. The regulations on agriculture in GATT certainly served as a basis for negotiations …” „… Foreign Trade and co-head to the Israeli negotiation team, dismissed the EU’s concessions in agriculture …”

Has Israel achieved its aims? S. 215-218

„… on further negotiations on the issue.682 So, whilst there were interest groups that were concerned …” „… about the EMA negotiations, in the Israeli system they did not operate as pressure groups. They were not …” „… negotiations. More pointedly, according to Tsur, representatives of the agriculturists who came to his ministry …”

The 1975 Free Trade and Cooperation Agreement S. 125-127

„… 125 4. Integration policy: association with the EC/ EU In 1995, after years of negotiations, Israel …” „… into the negotiations, the positions held by Israel and, particularly, how these positions have been …” „… processors of Israel’s European policy involved, with the possible exception of the military and defence …”

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Siegfried Rosner, Andreas Winheller - Mediation und Verhandlungsführung

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Siegfried Rosner, Andreas Winheller

Mediation und Verhandlungsführung

Series: Systemische Organisationsberatung und Aktionsforschung

Volume 4 2022

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II Literaturverzeichnis S. 447-484

„… negotiation: A model and propositions. In: Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 67 (2), S …” „… . 1-15.Chufrin, Gennady I. und Harold H. Saunders (1993): A Public Peace Process. 9 Negotiation Journal …” „… (1983): Negotiation process and outcome of stranger dyads and dating couples: Do lovers lose? In: Basic …”

1 Verständnis und Prinzipien der Mediation S. 31-76

„… hervor:„Negotiation is a process in which two or more parties exchange goods or services and attempt to agree upon the …” „… (assisted negotiation). Dabei ist die Mediation keineswegs das einzige assistierte Konfliktlösungsverfahren …” „… , Negotiation Phase, Implementation or Postnegotiation Phase”.85 Flechsig/Ponschab/Schweizer, Grundlagen der …”

2 Verhandlungsführung als Schlüsselqualifikation und Erfolgsfaktor im Mediationsverfahren S. 77-165

„… seinem Buch Legal Negotiation and Settlement,225 das einen großen Einfluss auf die amerikanische …” „… in the absence of feedback is largely ineffective in improving negotiation skills“; vgl. auch …” „… ) bezeichnet dieses Interaktionsmuster als Negotiation Dance. Grund für dieses intuitive Verhalten sind …”

5 Der Mediator als Negotiating Facilitator S. 303-334

„… Dokumentation einer Tagung des Stanford Center on Conflict and Negotiation von Februar 1991, die die …” „… Facilitator305tungs- und Schiedsverfahren auch das selbständige Verhandeln (unassisted negotiation …” „… ein Forum bietet für konstruktives Verhandeln (dann müsste man wohl eher vom Negotiation Facilitator …”

3 Deal-Structuring S. 166-249

„… James K. Sebenius bezeichnen diesen Aspekt in Ihrem wegweisenden Werk 3D Negotiation als „Deal Design …” „… solche Optionen gefunden werden. Grund dafür ist die Komplexität:„Because negotiation is an …” „… Mehr-Themen-Verhandlungen bestehen: „Most negotiations begin as single-issue negotiations. By definition, single issue …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783957102959

Ralf Spiller - Das Management multilateraler internationaler Verhandlungen

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Ralf Spiller

Das Management multilateraler internationaler Verhandlungen

Series: Nomos Universitätsschriften - Politik

Volume 156 2008

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Bücher und Aufsätze S. 247-264

„… : International Criminal Law Procedures. The Process of Negotiation, in: Lee, Roy S.: The International Criminal …” „… (Hrsg.): Processes of International Negotiations, Boulder/London, 1989, 193 - 201Holmes, John T.: The …” „… , (2001), 414 – 446Hopmann, P. Terrence: The Negotiation Process and the Resolution of International Con …”

Übernahme von Führung S. 85-96

„… Hopmann, P. Terrence: The Negotiation Process and the Resolution of International Con? ict, Columbia (SC …” „… “inspirational leadership”. Vgl. Hopmann, P. Terrence: The Negotiation Process and the Resolution of …” „… Processes, in: Zartman, I. William (Hrsg.): International Negotiation: Approaches to the Management of …”

Stand der Forschung zu multilateralen internationalen Verhandlungen S. 38-43

„… , Baltimore and London, 1995.78 Hopmann, P. Terrence: The Negotiation Process and the Resolution of …” „… Negotiation: Actors, Structure/Process, Values, London, 1999, 191 - 222; Kohler-Koch, Beate: Catching up with …” „… Hopmann, P. Terrence: The negotiation Process and the Resolution of International Con? icts, Columbia (SC …”

Erschwerende Faktoren S. 68-73

„… : International Journal (Toronto), Vol. 35, No. 1, (1980), 7.165 Hopmann, P. Terrence: The Negotiation Process and …” „… : Mautner-Markhof, Frances (Hrsg.): Processes of International Negotiations, Boulder/London, 1989, 193 – 201; Winham …” „… solche Gruppe ge-164 Winham, Gilbert R.: International Negotiation in an Age of transition, in …”

Ansatz dieser Arbeit S. 35-38

„… management of the negotiation process that could inspire the often needed sweeping changes in the way …” „… , Baltimore and London, 1995.78 Hopmann, P. Terrence: The Negotiation Process and the Resolution of …” „… series of recent negotiations might help to identify innovative approaches in the organization and …”

Bildung von Koalitionen S. 75-85

„… , P. Terrence: The Negotiation Process and the Resolution of Interna tional Con? icts, Columbia (SC …” „… , 1990, 243.215 Hopmann, P. Terrence: The Negotiation Process and the Resolution of International Con …” „… Negotiation. Approaches to the Management of Complexity, San Francisco, 1994, 148.191 Riker, William H.: The …”

Verhandlungstechniken S. 96-100

„… Negotiation. Actors, Structure/Process, Values, London, 1999, 211f.260 Vgl. Touval, Saadia: Multilateral …” „… Issues, in: Zartman, I. William: Positive sum. Improving North-South Negotiations, New Brunswick (N.J …” „… and Coalition Building: Austra lia, the Cairns Group, and the Uruguay Round of Trade Negotiations, in …”

Das internationale System S. 106-107

„… Negotiation Process and the Resolution of International Con? ict, Columbia (SC), 1996, 195.280 Hopmann, P …” „… . Terrence: The Negotiation Process and the Resolution of International Con? ict, Columbia (SC), 1996, 202 …” „… . Habeeb, William Mark: Power and Tactics in International Negotiation. How Weak Nations Bargain with …”

Vorverhandlungsphase S. 143-150

„… Procedures. The Process of Negotiation, in: Lee, Roy S.: The International Criminal Court. The Making of the …” „… , Negotiations, Results, The Hague/London/Boston, 1999, 466.382 Roggemann, Herwig: Die Internationalen …” „… , Negotiations, Results, The Hague/London/Boston, 1999, 6; Bassiouni, Cherif M.: The Statute of the International …”

Fazit S. 104-106

„… Akteuren auf Au genhöhe verhandeln können.281279 Hopmann, P. Terrence: The Negotiation Process and the …” „… Environ mental Agreements: The Canadian Experience with their Negotiation and Operation, in: Annuaire …” „… Resolution of International Con? ict, Columbia (SC), 1996, 195.280 Hopmann, P. Terrence: The Negotiation …”

Prozessanalyse S. 34-35

„… process that could inspire the often needed sweeping changes in the way negotiations are presently …” „… Negotiations: A Cross-Cultural Perspective, New York, 1979, 81 – 178.66 Vgl. Bennett, Andrew/Elman, Colin: Case …” „… Verhandeln siehe: Walton, Richard E./McKersie, Robert B.: A Behavioral Theory of Labor Negotiations, An …”

Strukturanalyse S. 28-30

„… erklären.4743 Vgl. Zartman, William: Common Elements in the Analysis of the Negotiation Process …” „… : Kremenyuk, Victor A. (Hrsg.): International Negotiation. Analysis, Approaches, Issues, San Francisco, 1991 …” „… Bargaining and Negotiation, in: Political Science, Vol. 36, No. 2, (1984), 125 – 144.40 Diese Kategorisierung …”

Entscheidungsanalyse S. 30-34

„… realen Verhandlungen vgl. Zartman, I. William: Negotiation as a Joint Decision-Making Process, in …” „… Negotiation, Urbana, 1975.31allgemeinen ablehnten, ihren Modellen erklärende (im Unterschied zu normativer …” „… , Howard: The Art and Science of Negotiation, Cambridge (MA), 1982, 257 – 274.52 Deutsch, Morton: Social …”

Juristische Vertragstechniken S. 100-102

„… Negotiation. Actors, Structure/Process, Values, London, 1999, 211f.260 Vgl. Touval, Saadia: Multilateral …” „… Negotiation: An Analytical Approach, in: Negotiation Journal, Vol. 5, No. 2, (1989), 166.261 Non-Proliferation …” „… . Walker, Ronald A.: Multilateral Conferences. Purposeful International Negotiation, New York, 2004, 83.265 …”

Arten multilateraler Verhandlungen S. 65-68

„… Multilateral Negotiations, Paper presented to the Conference on “Empirical Approaches to Deliberative Politics …” „… . Vgl. Dupont, Christophe: Negotiation as Coalition Building, in: International Negotiation, Vol. 1, No …” „… a Crowd. The Complexities of Multilateral Negotiation, in: Zartman, William I. (Hrsg …”

Lernprozesse/Compliance-Regelungen S. 102-104

„… , Vol. 48, No. 2, (1994), 279 – 312. Gulliver, P. H.: Disputes and Negotiations: A Cross-Cultural …” „… action and policy learning in embedded negotiations: the liberalization of the EU electricity supply …” „… . 1, (2000), 1 – 39.270 Crystal, Jonathan: Bargaining in the negotiations over liberalizing trade in …”

Krisen S. 107-110

„… : Multilateral Negotiations. Lessons from Arms Control, Trade and the Environment, Baltimore and London, 1995, 34 …” „… .283 Hampson, Fen Osler with Hart, Michael: Multilateral Negotiations. Lessons from Arms Control, Trade …” „… : Getting to the Table. The Processes of International Prenegotiation, Baltimore and London, 1989, 265.284 …”

Hauptverhandlungsphase S. 150-175

„… . Fernández de: International Criminal Law Procedures. The Process of Negotiation, in: Lee, Roy S.: The …” „… Making of the Rome Statute. Issues, Negotiations, Results, The Hague/London/Boston, 1999, 14.151Kon? ikte …” „… : Lee, Roy S.: The International Criminal Court. The Making of the Rome Statute. Issues, Negotiations …”

Kennzeichen multilateraler internationaler Verhandlungen S. 51-53

„… Rahmen der 125 Vgl. Winham, Gilbert R.: Negotiation as a Management Process, in: World Politics, Vol. XXX …” „… , Ronald A.: Multilateral Conferences. Purposeful International Negotiation, New York, 2004, 112.128 Vgl …”

Einleitung S. 15-20

„… Politics, Vol. 32, (1979), 120ff; Winham, Gilbert R.: Negotiation as a Management Process, in: World …” „… , 1990, 241 – 255.14 Winham, Gilbert R.: Practitioners` views of International Negotiation, in: World …”

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