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David B. Nash, Charles Wohlforth - How Covid Crashed the System

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David B. Nash, Charles Wohlforth

How Covid Crashed the System

2022

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PART II The Health System Healing Itself S. 133-256

„… the health system—the new doctors can go to work anywhere—but the gift helps fulfill Bernard Tyson’s …” „… internalize, deep down, the values that could form the foundation of a better health care system.At Geisinger …” „… 133PART IIThe Health System Healing Itself135Chapter 7Rise of the PayviderAligning IncentivesIn …”

PART I What Went Wrong S. 5-132

„… American health care system crashed as surely as the most mag-nificent of technological machines that has …” „… the millions of sick people sud-denly arriving at their doors. But the health system reaches far …” „… . Given the disastrous performance of the American health care system during the Covid pandemic, the need …”

Preface

„… expert’s view of how a pandemic exposed a systemically fragmented health care system. He reveals how the …” „… of the multi-tude of failures within the US health care system that became widely evident. This …” „… move the current US health care system forward to an improved future state for the betterment of the …”

Index S. 339-352

„… American culture, 47–65; and failure of health care system, 14–15, 241–43; nature of, 51–59; and prevention …” „… system, 180–81competition, 57, 127complexity, 147, 236–37Cone Health, 200–201consolidation, 155; issues …” „… health care system, 14–15, 241–43; Geisinger and, 138; and medical education, 159, 165–67, 176; and …”

Introduction S. 1-4

„… sell-ing medical services as a commodity. The health system, by contrast, is much larger. It includes the …” „… system should include the provision of health as a public good that belongs to everyone. To reach that …” „… goal, our conception of the health system must become broader and more inclusive, including all the …”

Notes S. 257-300

„… . Rogstad, and Natasha Parekh, “Waste in the US Health Care System: Estimated Costs and Potential for …” „… O’Donnell, “The 2018 Forces of Change in America’s Local Public Health System,” National Association of …” „… , https://www.naccho.org/blog/articles/the-2018-forces-of-change-in-americas-local-public-health-system.10. Karen DeSalvo et al., “Public …”

Bibliography S. 301-338

„… . http://www.ihi.org/communities/blogs/origin-of-every-system-is-perfectly-designed-quote.Costa, Dora. “Health and the Economy in the United States, from 1750 to the Present.” Journal of …” „… Public Health System.” National Association of County and City Health Officials. NACCHO Voice, November …” „… -forces-of-change-in-americas-local-public-health-system.Hamel, Liz, Lunna Lopes, Grace Sparks, Ashley Kirzinger, Audrey Kearney, Mellisha Stokes, and Mollyann …”

doi.org/10.5771/9781538164266

Katharina Füglister - Policy Laboratories of the Federal State?

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Katharina Füglister

Policy Laboratories of the Federal State?

Series: Politik und Demokratie in den kleineren Ländern Europas | Politics and Governance in the Smaller European Democracies

Volume 6 2012

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Financing the Swiss health system S. 87-90

„… financing systems.3.5 Financing the Swiss health systemAs noted, all OECD countries are facing growth in …” „… reduce the public share of health expenses,find new financing resources, or reform the system to make …” „… financed pre-88Table 3.5: Cost of the Swiss health-care system by contributor, 2007Contributor million CHF …”

Development S. 59-63

„… systemsplus the federal system. However, the cantonal health systems are not totally independent but are …” „… ).Before providing details on the organization of the Swiss health-care system,the next section sketches …” „… Development of the Swiss health systemCompared with other European states, the Swiss welfare system developed …”

LAMA 1911: Subsidies for health insurers S. 95-103

„… Parliament passed a lawproject for the introduction of a mandatory health and accident insurance system …” „… , SO,SZ, UR, ZG, ZH11Individual subsidy system existing before 1995 in the city.Source: Health Econ (1998 …” „… health-care system. Among the major challengeswere the lack of incentives to stem rising health-care costs and …”

Actors and their roles S. 65-80

„… their roles in the Swiss health systemA core element of the Swiss health-care system is …” „… system.Health-service providersHealth-care delivery is provided by approximately 373’000 health-care professionals …” „… austerity and rising insurance premiums, they are willing toextend the health-care system.3.3.2 Actors and …”

Health insurance coverage S. 63-65

„… clearly inline with these tendencies.3.3 Organization of the Swiss health systemThe Swiss health …” „… health systems and defines access to the system andthe role and interactions among the main actors …” „… integration of complementary medicine into all domains of the Swiss health-care system.The parliament judged …”

Main features S. 57-59

„… systemsplus the federal system. However, the cantonal health systems are not totally independent but are …” „… 3 The Swiss Health-Care SystemThis chapter introduces the context of the field of interest for the …” „… features of the Swiss health systemA side-by-side comparison of the features of liberalism, universal …”

Reforms and reform attempts at the federal level S. 104-120

„… individual subsidy system is the main socialcomponent of the health insurance program. The passage from the …” „… for introducing individual health insurance premiums.To reinforce the subsidy system as a central …” „… an important step toward a more need-based system.Despite the significant room to maneuver left to …”

Managed competition: More regulation needed? S. 80-85

„… plan, are themajor market mechanisms of the Swiss health-care system. The main notion ofthe legislature …” „… further competition into a health-care system. Asof 2012, the risk-equalizing mechanism for Swiss health …” „… main actors of the health-care system. Those encompass the liberty of choice of patients, the …”

Health-care expenditures: An international comparison S. 85-87

„… Financing the Swiss health systemAs noted, all OECD countries are facing growth in health expenditures that …” „… countries, before analyzing more closely atthe financing of the system.3.4 Health-care expenditures: An …” „… ), and the liberal system of the United States. From 1980 to 2007, in all sixcountries, health …”

The research questions and empirical context S. 13-18

„… insurancesubsidies, the major social component of the Swiss health insurance system, andanalyzes how and through what …” „… stilluncertain, and it is unlikely that the American health system will—after the reform process—resemble a …” „… universal health coverage. Whereashealth-care system in most European countries is predominantly financed …”

Subsidies: Social corrective to premiums S. 91-95

„… system is the main social component of the mandatory Swiss health insurance program and adds an …” „… importantredistributive element to the otherwise liberal system. The LAMal defines a ratherloose framework for health …” „… system of health insurance subsidies is an efficient instrumentto correct the social inequalities created …”

LAMal 1994: Individual health insurance subsidies S. 103-104

„… health-care system, the Parliament often added important changes to the proposals. In addition, the influence …” „… system are improbable.With the adoption of the LAMal, Switzerland introduced important health-care reform …” „… structure and financing system, liberal aspects remained important characteristics of the Swiss health …”

Consequences of the heterogeneous system S. 127-133

„… health insurance system. As previously discussed,cantons changed their subsidy policies on several …” „… health-care system might bejustified. Building on the literature on policy diffusion presented in Chapter …” „… .4.3.2 Consequences of the heterogeneous systemHaving discussed the cantonal practices in organizing …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… diffusion 522.5 General hypotheses 543 The Swiss Health-Care System 573.1 Main features 573.2 Development …” „… Financing the Swiss health system 874 Health Insurance Subsidies 914.1 Subsidies: Social corrective to …” „… Consequences of the heterogeneous system 1274.4 Diffusion of health insurance subsidies: Hypotheses 1335 …”

Dimensions of subsidy policies S. 120-127

„… problem for health insurers, who are also in favor of a harmonization of the system and payment of all …” „… .4.3.2 Consequences of the heterogeneous systemHaving discussed the cantonal practices in organizing …” „… their subsidy system, thequestion remains as to the outcomes of this heterogeneous systems. The …”

Findings from the empirical analysis S. 191-195

„… liberal health-care system of Switzerland, primarily financed through non-distributivemechanisms …” „… questions.1917.1 Findings from the empirical analysisEmpirically, this book analyzes the spread of health …” „… , individual health insurance subsidies are a crucial social correctiveto the per capita premiums. Although …”

Theory and hypotheses S. 18-20

„… to change parts oftheir health insurance subsidy policies are not independent from one another. Onthe …” „… laboratories and a decentralized system enhances the spread of bestpractices. The state-as-policy-laboratories …” „… policy diffusion. Concerning the spread of health insurancesubsidy policies, I expect that cantons …”

Methodology and data S. 20-21

„… to coordinate their activities to avoid centralization. In thefield of health-care, the Conference of …” „… Cantonal Directors of Public Health, whichis organized at the national and the regional level, plays an …” „… spread of health insurance subsidy policiesamong Swiss cantons over a period of ten years. The …”

Role of intergovernmental institutions S. 180-188

„… their health insurance subsidy system.However, the interaction terms of a successful policy in cantonb …” „… importance of the cooperation in the Swissfederal system and the increasing attempts of cantons to coordinate …” „… policy-relevant information. Given its importance in the field of health care and its role as a discussion …”

A Parliamentary Proposals S. 201-204

„… the LAMal started right after its implementation in1996. Concerning health insurance subsidies, issues …” „… ], deposited by Eugen David (CVP, SG).96.3568 Motion NC (remitted). Health Insurance Subsidies I, deposited by …” „… theCommission for Social Security and Health of the National Council.96.3569 Motion NC (remitted). Health …”

Policy and political outcomes matter S. 175-180

„… theoretical section, an often-stated advantage of a federal over a unitary system is that decentralized …” „… 6.7 are mixed. A first look at theresults show that policy success matters for the diffusion of health …” „… : Cantona is less likely to adopt a policy that cantonb already has, if a popularvote on the issue of health …”

B Robustness Checks S. 205-231

„… Farewell to Bismarck System: Incremental Change in the German Health Insurance System.” GermanPolicy …” „… health systems - Switzerland. OECD: Paris.Pallier, Bruno. 2004. La réforme des systèmes de santé. Paris …” „… Cacace, Simone Grimmeisen & Claus Wendt. 2010. TheChanging Role of the State in OECD Health Care Systems …”

Diffusion of health insurance subsidies: Hypotheses S. 133-138

„… that guide the empirical analysis.4.4 Diffusion of health insurance subsidies: HypothesesAs outlined …” „… throughout the last chapter, through the Swiss Health Insurance Lawof 1994 (LAMal), Switzerland introduced …” „… mandatory health insurance with uniform premiums for each person irrespective of his or her financial …”

Broader implications for diffusion studies S. 195-197

„… Chapter3, in Switzerland, the organization of health-care is, because of its development,very …” „… sovereignty to define health policies. However, as thepresent analysis shows, and as a look at broader health …” „… , for the development of more effective and coherent health policies, the role of exchange platforms …”

Outline of the book S. 24-26

„… hypotheses. Chapter 3 provides an overview of themain features of the Swiss health system, which is …” „… the Swiss health system. The first is “managed competition”,delegating important power to private …” „… subsequent attempts to reform the subsidy system, showing theimportant veto position of the cantons. The …”

Further research S. 197-200

„… policy is decisive inthe canton’s director of public health decision to join the bodies of the CDS …” „… . Forthe regional bodies of the CDS, the problem does not occur because all directors ofpublic health of a …” „… CDSdiscuss a large variety of health issues, of which insurance subsidies is one topicamong many, needs to be …”

Contributions to the literature S. 22-24

„… health system, which is characterized by a strong liberalculture and, to a large extent, shaped by the …” „… is given totwo particularities of the Swiss health system. The first is “managed …” „… Directors of Public Health is positivelyrelated to the spread of successful policies. These findings are …”

Explanatory variables S. 156-160

„… ) data available in the monitoring reports published by the Federal Office of Public Health, which …” „… examine theeffectiveness of the health insurance subsidies (BAG 1998-2007); (3) Balthasar’s(2003a) study …” „… process. More precisely, in the field of health-care,I expect the Conference of Cantonal Directors of …”

„… Table 6.4: Party membership of Cantonal Director of Public Health and Board ofCDS in percentage …” „… , 1997—2007Party: Directors Public Health: Board CDS:SP 38.11 46.49FDP/LP 20.98 14.91CVP 18.53 28.95SVP 12.24 …” „… , 1996—20076.2 AnalysesAs discussed throughout chapters 3 and 4, through the Health Insurance Law of1994 (LAMal …”

Summary of findings S. 188-190

„… diffusion of health insurance subsidy policies among Swiss cantons. Based on theobservation that cantons …” „… each otherin their choices, and, accordingly, health insurance subsidy policies spread following a …” „… , I focused on the role of the Conference of the Cantonal Directors of Public Health, a health …”

Literature review of policy diffusion in federal states S. 33-39

„… determinants, such as poor fiscal health, are favorable for innovation. These findings provide strong evidence …” „… & Vergari1998), abortion regulation (Mooney & Lee 1995), Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO) (Balla 2001 …” „… . to analyze the diffusion of states’ health insurance programs for children.Most importantly, he added …”

Intergovernmental institutions: Core elements of federal states S. 51-52

„… Health Maintenance Organization Model Act, he foundthat the participation of state officials in the …” „… federalstateIn federal systems in which sub-national units are given considerable autonomyin the organization of …” „… in federal systems has been observed (Börzel 2002, Lazar,Telford & Watts 2003). However, as shown by …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845243603

Klaus-Dirk Henke, Anja Georgi, Jan Bungenstock, Karsten Neumann, Michael Baur, Sabine Ottmann, Markus Schneider, Thomas Krauss, Uwe Hofmann - Erstellung eines Satellitenkontos für die Gesundheitswirtschaft in Deutschland

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Klaus-Dirk Henke, Anja Georgi, Jan Bungenstock, Karsten Neumann, Michael Baur, Sabine Ottmann, Markus Schneider, Thomas Krauss, Uwe Hofmann

Erstellung eines Satellitenkontos für die Gesundheitswirtschaft in Deutschland

Series: Europäische Schriften zu Staat und Wirtschaft

Volume 30 2010

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Michael Baur, Jan Bungenstock, Anja Georgi, Klaus-Dirk Henke, Uwe Hofmann, Thomas Krauss, Karsten Neumann, Sabine Ottmann, Markus Schneider Internationale Realisierungen des System of Health Accounts (SHA) S. 69-72

„… ausdrücklich eingeschlossen (vgl. Abbildung 8).Internationale Realisierungen des System of Health Accounts …” „… Gesundheitsausgabenrechnung liegt das System of Health Accountsder OECD zu Grunde (OECD 2000). Im Jahr 2005 wurden erstmals …” „… vorgenommen.Aktuelle Weiterentwicklungen des System of Health Accounts (SHA)(Version 2.0)Die internationalen …”

Michael Baur, Jan Bungenstock, Anja Georgi, Klaus-Dirk Henke, Uwe Hofmann, Thomas Krauss, Karsten Neumann, Sabine Ottmann, Markus Schneider Literaturverzeichnis S. 203-212

„… Implementation of System of Health Accounts (SHA) Organisationof Workshops, Eurostat Grant N …” „… to changing life expectancy in Germany and Poland, Soc Sci Med, 55.OECD (2000), A System of Health …” „… ), Incorporating Input, Output and Productivity Measurements into the System ofHealth Accounts” Paper presented at …”

Michael Baur, Jan Bungenstock, Anja Georgi, Klaus-Dirk Henke, Uwe Hofmann, Thomas Krauss, Karsten Neumann, Sabine Ottmann, Markus Schneider Abkürzungsverzeichnis S. 16-18

„… RisikostrukturausgleichSAM Social Accounting MatrixSHA System of Health AccountsSHA1.0 Handbuch des System of Health Accounts …” „… Intelligence UnitEPC Economic Policy CommitteeESSOSS Europäische System der Integrierten …” „… SozialschutzstatistikESVG Europäisches System der Volkswirtschaftlichen GesamtrechnungenESVG 95 Handbuch des Europäischen …”

Michael Baur, Jan Bungenstock, Anja Georgi, Klaus-Dirk Henke, Uwe Hofmann, Thomas Krauss, Karsten Neumann, Sabine Ottmann, Markus Schneider Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-11

„… nach der Methodik des System of Health Accounts(OECD 2000) mit Integration in die VGR durch INE, IGIF …” „… System of Health Accounts3.2 46Die Gesundheitsausgabenrechnung des Statistischen Bundesamtes3.2.1 48 …” „… Internationale Realisierungen des System of Health Accounts(SHA)3.2.269Dutch Health and Social Care Accounts …”

Michael Baur, Jan Bungenstock, Anja Georgi, Klaus-Dirk Henke, Uwe Hofmann, Thomas Krauss, Karsten Neumann, Sabine Ottmann, Markus Schneider Die Gesundheitsausgabenrechnung des Statistischen Bundesamtes S. 46-69

„… abgegrenzt.Gesundheitsausgabenrechnungen nach dem System of Health AccountsDie Gesundheitsausgabenrechnung des Statistischen Bundesamtes …” „… kann als Vorläuferdes System of Health Accounts (SHA Version 1.0, OECD 2000) angesehen werden.Ziel von …” „… der Organisation für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung(OECD) entworfene „System of Health …”

Michael Baur, Jan Bungenstock, Anja Georgi, Klaus-Dirk Henke, Uwe Hofmann, Thomas Krauss, Karsten Neumann, Sabine Ottmann, Markus Schneider Zur Allokation der knappen Ressourcen S. 21-26

„… WHO hingegen an dem OECD-Ansatz des System of HealthAccounts (SHA) (WHO 2003a).Das breitere …” „… folgende Abgrenzung zum Gesundheitswesen vorgeschlagen: ”Health systems are defined as comprising all the …” „… organizations, institutions and resources that are devotedto producing health actions. A health action is …”

Michael Baur, Jan Bungenstock, Anja Georgi, Klaus-Dirk Henke, Uwe Hofmann, Thomas Krauss, Karsten Neumann, Sabine Ottmann, Markus Schneider Institutionelle Sektoren S. 136-137

„… SHAVolkswirtschaftlicheGesamtrechnungen(VGR)Gesundheitsausgaben-rechnung (GAR) System of HealthAccounts (SHA)1. NichtfinanzielleKapitalgesellschaften2 …” „… . Leistungserbringer3. Konsumenten1. Financing Agents2. Health care providers3. ConsumersQuelle: Eigene Darstellung.In …” „… neben Marktproduzenten (wie z.B. Einzelunternehmern) natürlich auch Haushalte, die im Sinne des Systems …”

Michael Baur, Jan Bungenstock, Anja Georgi, Klaus-Dirk Henke, Uwe Hofmann, Thomas Krauss, Karsten Neumann, Sabine Ottmann, Markus Schneider Eigenschaften von Satellitensystemen S. 79-85

„… Gesundheitswirtschaft.Bei der VGR handelt es sich um ein statistisches System, das selber keine Datenerhebungen durchführt …” „… effektivenWirtschaftsgeschehen in seiner Gesamtheit, weil auch bisher vernachlässigteTransaktionen und Ergebnisse ins System und …” „… Rahmen der Erarbeitung des System of National32 Das VGR-System wird durch das „System of National …”

Michael Baur, Jan Bungenstock, Anja Georgi, Klaus-Dirk Henke, Uwe Hofmann, Thomas Krauss, Karsten Neumann, Sabine Ottmann, Markus Schneider Bruttowertschöpfung S. 133-136

„… VGR, GAR und SHAVolkswirtschaftlicheGesamtrechnungen(VGR)Gesundheitsausgaben-rechnung (GAR) System of …” „… HealthAccounts (SHA)1. NichtfinanzielleKapitalgesellschaften2. FinanzielleKapitalgesellschaften3. Staat4. Private …” „… . Financing Agents2. Health care providers3. ConsumersQuelle: Eigene Darstellung.In den VGR kann jede …”

Michael Baur, Jan Bungenstock, Anja Georgi, Klaus-Dirk Henke, Uwe Hofmann, Thomas Krauss, Karsten Neumann, Sabine Ottmann, Markus Schneider Stärken und Schwächen der GAR aus wirtschaftspolitischer Sicht S. 121-123

„… Health Accounts(SHA) oder des Europäischen Systems der Volkswirtschaftlichen Gesamtrechnungen122(ESVG …” „… die Kompatibilität mit den bestehenden nationalen und internationalen Rechensystemen wie das System of …” „… Sozialwesen“nicht weiter auf.Wie bereits erwähnt, kann die VGR als makroökonomisches System die meso-ökonomische …”

Michael Baur, Jan Bungenstock, Anja Georgi, Klaus-Dirk Henke, Uwe Hofmann, Thomas Krauss, Karsten Neumann, Sabine Ottmann, Markus Schneider Europäisches System der Integrierten Sozialschutzstatistik (ESSOSS) S. 91-95

„… Richtung gesehen werden.Europäisches System der Integrierten Sozialschutzstatistik (ESSOSS)Im Europäischen …” „… System der Integrierten Sozialschutzstatistik (ESSOSS) erfolgt u.a.eine Erfassung der öffentlich …” „… Zusammenstellung nach Eurostat (2008), ESSOSS-Handbuch, Das Europäische System derIntegrierten …”

Michael Baur, Jan Bungenstock, Anja Georgi, Klaus-Dirk Henke, Uwe Hofmann, Thomas Krauss, Karsten Neumann, Sabine Ottmann, Markus Schneider Empirische Ergebnisse zum Zusammenhang von Gesundheit und Wirtschaft S. 36-38

„… darstellen.Ausbildungsordnungen im System der Berufsausbildung müssen die beschriebenenEntwicklungen flexibel und rasch …” „… European Office for investment for healthand Development,VeniceWeil D Accounting forthe effect of health on …” „… of Public Policy and Management, Carnegie Mellon University, PittsburghArora S Health …”

Michael Baur, Jan Bungenstock, Anja Georgi, Klaus-Dirk Henke, Uwe Hofmann, Thomas Krauss, Karsten Neumann, Sabine Ottmann, Markus Schneider Bisherige Ansätze zur Erfassung der Gesundheitswirtschaft in Deutschland S. 39-46

„… abgegrenzt.Gesundheitsausgabenrechnungen nach dem System of Health AccountsDie Gesundheitsausgabenrechnung des Statistischen Bundesamtes …” „… kann als Vorläuferdes System of Health Accounts (SHA Version 1.0, OECD 2000) angesehen werden.Ziel von …” „… gesamtwirtschaftlichkonsistent im System der Volkswirtschaftlichen Gesamtrechnungen darstellen, bedeutet dies, ein …”

Michael Baur, Jan Bungenstock, Anja Georgi, Klaus-Dirk Henke, Uwe Hofmann, Thomas Krauss, Karsten Neumann, Sabine Ottmann, Markus Schneider Produktionswert S. 155-156

„… Health-Input-Output-Tabelle (HIOT) sind einerseits Ausgangsdaten der Input-Output-Tabelle des StatistischenBundesamtes …” „… Vorleistungen stützt sich auf ein System von Kostenstrukturstatistiken. Eine Übersicht der …”

Michael Baur, Jan Bungenstock, Anja Georgi, Klaus-Dirk Henke, Uwe Hofmann, Thomas Krauss, Karsten Neumann, Sabine Ottmann, Markus Schneider Eckwerte des GSK S. 171-172

„… sowie mit dem international verwendeten "System of Health Accounts" (SHA). Sie wurde erstmalig in dieser …”

Michael Baur, Jan Bungenstock, Anja Georgi, Klaus-Dirk Henke, Uwe Hofmann, Thomas Krauss, Karsten Neumann, Sabine Ottmann, Markus Schneider Auf dem Wege vom Kostenfaktor zur Wachstumsorientierung S. 28-31

„… Fortschritt in der Medizin mit seinen Phasen, der Evaluation und desHealth Technology Assessments thematisiert …” „… David Byrne sagt, "Health equals Wealth”(Gesundheit gleicht dem Wohlstand). Wegen der starken Beziehung …” „… inBismarcksystemen sowie der „Value-for-Money-Diskussion“ in Beveridge-Systemenhin zu mehr Ergebnisbetrachtung, z.B …”

Michael Baur, Jan Bungenstock, Anja Georgi, Klaus-Dirk Henke, Uwe Hofmann, Thomas Krauss, Karsten Neumann, Sabine Ottmann, Markus Schneider Abgrenzung S. 72-79

„… Kategorie „health related functions“ Teile des erweiterten Gesundheitsbereichs im Sinne des GSKnachrichtlich …” „… Pflegeeinrichtungen;• Vorleistungs- und Zulieferindustrien, die die sog. Health Care Industries (Pharmazeutische …” „… Systematisierungsgrundlage hat sich in den vergangenen Jahren das so genannte„IAT- Zwiebelmodell“ durchgesetzt. Das …”

Michael Baur, Jan Bungenstock, Anja Georgi, Klaus-Dirk Henke, Uwe Hofmann, Thomas Krauss, Karsten Neumann, Sabine Ottmann, Markus Schneider Abbildungsverzeichnis S. 12-13

„… AbbildungsverzeichnisAbbildung 1: Neues Verständnis von Gesundheit 21Abbildung 2: “Health Field …” „… : Aufteilung der Konsumausgaben zu Herstellungspreisenin der Systematik des GSK, 2005 [Mrd. €] 184Abbildung 35 …”

Michael Baur, Jan Bungenstock, Anja Georgi, Klaus-Dirk Henke, Uwe Hofmann, Thomas Krauss, Karsten Neumann, Sabine Ottmann, Markus Schneider Gesundheitspolitische Aussagekraft S. 95-96

„… Gesamtrechnungen (Ministry of Health Denmark 1994, Schneider1995a), ist zwar eine wichtige Voraussetzung für die …” „… Systems hängt vom jeweiligen Informationsbedarf ab. Sosind zunächst im Einzelfall die Zielsetzungen genau …”

Michael Baur, Jan Bungenstock, Anja Georgi, Klaus-Dirk Henke, Uwe Hofmann, Thomas Krauss, Karsten Neumann, Sabine Ottmann, Markus Schneider Finanzierung und Vergütung bei der Allokation der Ressourcen S. 26-27

„… Department of Health and Human Services (o.J.) oder BASYS(2004).26staatlicher Budgetvorgaben in der Regel …” „… Versicherung oder nach den Einzelbudgets in steuerfinanzierten Systemen der sozialen Sicherung. Darüber hinaus …” „… Lohn- und Lohnnebenkosten eine unterschiedliche Rolle inden Beveridge-Systemen im Vergleich zu den …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845223704

Martin Dietrich, Dieter K. Tscheulin - Akzeptanz des öffentlichen Ausgabeverhaltens

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Martin Dietrich (ed.), Dieter K. Tscheulin (ed.)

Akzeptanz des öffentlichen Ausgabeverhaltens

Series: Sonderheft ZÖGU

Volume 2013

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David Barrows, Olivia Dalton-Jez, Simone Harvey-Rioux Public Private Partnerships in the Canadian Health Care System: A Case Study S. 133-146

„… Canadian Health Care System: A Case Study A step towards understanding the perception of private sector …” „… System, the Brampton Civic Hospital Case. Public-Private Partnership; Health Care System; Stakeholder …” „… the design of, building or Public Private Partnerships in the Canadian Health Care System: A Case …”

Tobias Benz, Christian Hagist, Bernd Raffelhüschen Zur Akzeptanz der Verbeamtung – eine Barwertbetrachtung S. 10-25

„… federal fiscal system, most civil servants are employed by the states (“Länder“). As pensions and health …” „… public employees insured in the German social security and health insurance systems with employee’s and …” „… ) Das System der kommunalen Umlagen nähert sich somit dem System der Angestellten an, in welchem über …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-5

„… Canadian Health Care System: A Case Study . . . . . .128 Autorenverzeichnis …”

Sarah Jamil, K. J. Bernhard Neumärker Contribution to the Contractual Analysis of Public-Private Partnerships S. 26-43

„… Neumärker 36 ZögU Beiheft 42/2013 characteristic does not apply for services in health care, education …” „… approach concerns the analysis of rule systems and not the choice within restriction. The rules define the …” „… constitutional agent is in position to offer policy advices to those that act within defined rule systems. He is …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845248349

J Shah - Caring for Loved Ones with Heart Disease

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J Shah

Caring for Loved Ones with Heart Disease

2022

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Eight: Your Teammates within the Health Care System S. 199-220

„… care is a team endeavor. This team is made up of many members from the health care system, but the …” „… care? YoUR teAMMAtes WItHIn tHe HeALtH cARe sYsteM 201HospitalistFor people with complex medical …” „… practitioner. also, many physician assistants YoUR teAMMAtes WItHIn tHe HeALtH cARe sYsteM 203work with and …”

Preface

„… health care system.Some chapters will be relevant to your situation now, while others may inform future …” „… Protein 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors 194contents ixCHapter 8: Your teammates within the Health Care system 199 …” „… their editorial staff for making this book a reality.xviiForeworDthe health care system is complex even …”

One: The Basics S. 1-12

„… health care system effectively and efficiently.Due to the natural course of heart disease, people go …” „… important and immense responsibility. It involves caring for the person at home and participating in health …” „… the health care team.seCtion 1: BasiCs oF tHe Heart: wHat Does tHe Heart Do?The heart is a fist-sized …”

Five: Common Heart Conditions, Tests, and Treatments S. 53-128

„… affect the heart muscle, valves, coronary artery, or electrical system of the heart. We will also discuss …” „… system. Over time, other organs are dam-aged due to lack of oxygen.The severity of heart failure is …” „… medicines: The doctor and health care team can prescribe the right medicines, but it is all for nothing if …”

Three: Taking Care of Yourself S. 33-46

„… to navigate the disease and the health care system takes time. Throughout this process, remember that …” „… emotional health while caring for the person. It will make you an effective caregiver for years to come …” „… situation.The person’s health care team has resources to help you get support from local agencies when you need …”

Six: Day-to-Day Care Issues S. 129-160

„… exercise as much as their health allows. You should act as a cheerleader to get the person to start and …” „… continue a good exercise routine to the extent that their health allows.You may also play the role of …” „… recommended to improve physical and mental health. Unfortu-nately, these programs remain underused, with only …”

Bibliography S. 229-232

„… . http://www.cdc.gov/homeandrecreationalsafety/falls/adultfalls.html.Djoussé, L., and J. M. Gaziano. “alcohol Consumption and heart Failure: a System-atic Review.” Current …” „… on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing, Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic health. “Secondary …”

Four: Setting Goals S. 47-52

„… wishes so that the caregiver can work with the health care providers to achieve those goals.Some …” „… suffering.an individual’s goals for end-of-life care vary depending on factors such as their value system …” „… , current quality of life, spirituality, previous experience with health care, and past interactions with …”

Two: Managing Common Symptoms of Heart Disease S. 13-32

„… . You are the eyes and ears of the health care team at home and a link between the health care system …” „… from the health care providers when you tell them about these symptoms. Understanding these symptoms …” „… first-degree relatives have heart disease? • Does the person have other health conditions (e.g., diabetes, high …”

Index S. 233-242

„… exercise, 136 information, 12 mental health, 34–35 organized, 36–39 physical health, 33 resources, 12 …” „… fraction, 8, 9, 68, 81, 189EKG. See electrocardiographyelectrical system, 3, 4, 6, 28, 61–63, 109, 115 …” „… , 74home health aides, 9, 219home health nurses, 121, 126, 127hospice, 45, 51, 218, 219–220 services …”

Seven: Medication Management S. 161-198

„… of health care providers, you can understand how medicines must be taken. Make it a weekly routine to …” „… bleeding (e.g., in the gastrointestinal system or brain). People with no other risk factors for bleeding …” „… 1.7 or 2.5). The doctor decides the target range of INR according to the person’s health condition. If …”

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