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Louis Perron - How to overcome the power of incumbency in election campaigns

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Louis Perron

How to overcome the power of incumbency in election campaigns

Series: Kommunikation in Politik und Wirtschaft

Volume 3 2010

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Future research S. 246-248

„… researchIt will be interesting to observe future elections with our theory and framework inmind. One …” „… interesting question to assess in future research would be whether successful conservative and center-right …” „… change to the status quo. Future research should start with those examples12.4246and produce systematic …”

Practical implications S. 244-246

„… campaign team.Future researchIt will be interesting to observe future elections with our theory and …” „… framework inmind. One interesting question to assess in future research would be whether successful …” „… helped making credible his claim that he would represent a change to the status quo. Future research …”

INTRODUCTION S. 15-26

„… framework for future comparativestudies about election campaigns. The research we conduct with respect to …” „… assumption that national elections are still politically important and will be so for theforeseeable future …” „… (2003: 119) notes, however, that while political consultants areincreasingly the subject of research …”

The strategies of the incumbent and how the challengers reacted to it S. 163-166

„… . The CDU campaign further argued that Kohl was theguarantee of a safe future, for economic recovery and …” „… public opinion research of the CDU aboutthe opponent found that voters did not like the beard of …” „… billboard showed a red sock and theslogan “up to the future…but not on red socks“ (“auf in die Zukunft…aber …”

The cases of the US S. 171-175

„… and record as well asby expressing hope for the future. It is also important to emphasize that Clinton …” „… their beliefs andfeelings, rather than to judge his performance or ideas for the future” Carville …” „… Democracy Corps, a non-profit organization that offers publicopinion research and strategy advice and are …”

The power of incumbency campaigns S. 57-60

„… variables for proper names of social systems in the course of comparative research.” Further, theauthors …” „… prime minister, he or she is already considered as a legitimate candidate for the job in the future …” „… foughtin the future. It underlined Schröder’s concern and understanding about the economy and his …”

BIBLIOGRAPHY S. 265-296

„… the Democratic Era? 1994 and the Future of CongressionalElection Research. Political Research …” „… ResearchQuarterly 52 (3): 481-498.Berry, Jeffrey M. 2002. Validity and Reliability Issues in Elite Interviewing. PS …” „… National Elections. Washington, D.C.: American EnterpriseInstitute for Public Policy Research.Butler, David …”

Phase 2 of an election campaign: The creation of the political offer S. 47-52

„… about theconstituency.Opposition researchOpposition research involves the collection and analysis of …” „… content of the tapes based on in-depth polling and focus group research.Phase 2 of an election campaign …” „… data about the politicalopponents. The purpose of the research collection is to convince voters that …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… vulnerable incumbents (with additional examples)12.2 239Practical implications12.3 244Future research12.4 246 …” „… my consultingbusiness. In short, the present research is not only a dissertation but the result of …” „… . that Istarted to research Asian and Latin American political systems. I perfectly remember the night …”

The vulnerability of the incumbents S. 147-149

„… problem that the team faced withrespect to attacking Lula. When they tested attacks in their research …” „… quite pessimistic about the future quality of life in the country. During the six months preceding the …”

Summary of the results and additional example S. 233-239

„… systematic know-howabout how campaigns are conducted, it has a practical relevance. Future campaignscould …” „… to modelcampaigns. Data for this research was gathered through personal interviews withpolitical …” „… campaign intensity that we used in this research included fouraspects, namely (i) the intensity of the …”

Hypothesis 1: A coherent message that shows contrast and focuses on the call for change S. 60-66

„… electoral outcome? Political scientists in the U.S. began to research thisquestion a long time ago (Ogburn …” „… , previous research has shown that the economy invariably has some impact on the electoral outcome (Tucker …” „… future and assuming a rhetoric of optimism. They mustrepresent mainstream values and ideology. Successful …”

The strategies of the incumbents and how the challengers reacted to it S. 135-142

„… Republican president isan important strategy in making the claim credible, as research from both campaigns …” „… of his service had been done in order to build capitalfor his political future at home (Alexander …” „… research, several Latin American consultantssaid that in Latin America as well, elections are mostly a …”

The cases of Brazil S. 175-180

„… them to “vote their beliefs andfeelings, rather than to judge his performance or ideas for the future …” „… Mendoça enacted an entireseries of image changes. Extensive qualitative public opinion research was …”

The party system S. 108-114

„… legislator.Fundraising, press coverage and high approval ratings in the polls are more important for the future of the …” „… labor movement in general is a special caseand the subject of important previous research (Abinales 2004 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845226286

Leslie Wehner - Explaining Failed Free Trade Agreement Negotiations

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Leslie Wehner

Explaining Failed Free Trade Agreement Negotiations

Series: Weltwirtschaft und internationale Zusammenarbeit

Volume 9 2010

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For Future Research S. 253-255

„… 253 10.4 For Future Research Before closing this conclusion, it is pertinent to set a road map …” „… for future research, beyond those directions already mentioned in the last part of the previous …” „… . It only opens an important new venue for future research in the areas of international negotiations …”

Material: The Constraints of Qualitative Sources S. 36-38

„… last section sets a road map for future research. Finally, I have also added an epilogue, in which I …” „… negotiations or future ones, when similar antecedents and contextual factors are present (see Landman 2000: 4 …” „… ). However, shedding light over other cases of stalled FTA negotiations or future ones does not imply that …”

Theoretical Implications S. 251-253

„… Future Research Before closing this conclusion, it is pertinent to set a road map for future research …” „… an important new venue for future research in the areas of international negotiations and trade …” „… research and the failed experiences of Japan-Korea, Hong Kong-New Zealand, Mexico-Korea, and Canada-Central …”

Methodological Considerations S. 34-36

„… rather complex, since a researcher can only aspire to analyse negotiation processes as an outsider and …” „… negotiations or future ones, when similar antecedents and contextual factors are present (see Landman 2000: 4 …” „… ). However, shedding light over other cases of stalled FTA negotiations or future ones does not imply that …”

The Two Failed FTA Negotiations vis-à-vis Other Cases S. 240-245

„… the process and I make no generalisations as more research on this specific negotiation should be …” „… also dependant on the external options both parties had or were likely to have in the future. The …” „… ), that this bilateral accord could act as a catalyst for future negotiations with China on both sides …”

The Literature on the Case Studies S. 56-63

„… powerful banking and insurance sectors in the world. This work is rather useful for this research as it …” „… this research as the bilateral negotiation between Costa Rica and Panama was conducted before those …” „… addition the same literature also poses the challenges for the future but always advocating the path of …”

Conditions to Stall a Negotiation S. 79-86

„… counterpart in the other negotiation is likely to use. Future negotiations also have an impact on current …” „… negotiations especially if a higher trade relation exists with the future counterpart and when this future …” „… the future counterpart will hardly push on specific sensitive issue-areas that have not been …”

Operationalisation S. 86-92

„… the future transactions of goods, capital and services. The aggregation and interaction of divergent …” „… this research it is assumed that domestic actors are exposed to the market, even those that advocate …” „… redirect its policies in order to regain electoral support in the near future, including policies on trade …”

Organisation of the Study S. 38

„… last section sets a road map for future research. Finally, I have also added an epilogue, in which I …” „… conclusion, chapter 10, has four parts. The first section answers the key questions of this research. The …”

Internet Pages S. 261-287

„… Abroad: Branches or Subsidiaries? World Bank Policy Research, WPS3753. In: http://econ.worldbank.org …” „… . Washington: Congressional Research Service. Cooperativa. (08/01/2005). Canciller Wlaker solicitó a Panamá …” „… an Interregional Future? The European Union and the Southern Cone. In V. Aggarwal and E. Fogarty (eds …”

Intergovernmental Factors S. 147-168

„… northern American country (see Reiter 2006). 128 It may be interesting to assess in future research how …” „… the external influences of other simultaneous or future FTA negotiations. This chapter deals with the …” „… seen as strategic issue for a future negotiation with structural powers. The statement also reflects …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-14

„… Theoretical Implications 251 10.4 For Future Research 253 1311. Epilogue: Re-launching Negotiations 255 …” „… (GIGA) provided additional support to conduct my field research. I am also grateful to Prof. Dr. Klaus …” „… sharing their knowledge and giving their testimonies without which this research and other studies on FTAs …”

Differences of the Two FTA Negotiations S. 227-231

„… case studies of this research in their domestic and international dimensions. In the first sub-section …” „… was not willing to include the issue of insurances in the agreement; not even in the form of future …” „… clauses or future phrasing, which Panama requested as a second best option (interview with Irene Arguedas …”

Common Aspects of the Two Failed FTA Negotiations S. 231-237

„… to approve a new FTA in the future, as with potato producers in the negotiation with Canada. Panama’s …” „… sensitive sectors. On the contrary, in the cases of the FTA negotiations analysed in this research, the zone …”

Panama S. 109-118

„… approval of the NAFTA accord in the US Congress postponed such enterprise for the future. Meanwhile Panama …” „… aspect relevant in this section. What matters for this research is the negotiating experience gained and …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845225579

Ulrike Krause - Linking Refugee Protection with Development Assistance

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Ulrike Krause

Linking Refugee Protection with Development Assistance

2013

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Avenues for Future Research S. 228-230

„… (Betts 2009a). 5. Avenues for Future Research Since sharing burdens and responsibilities between the …” „… . In relation to the case study conducted at Rhino Camp, two particular areas for future research are …” „… sustainable results? While funding gaps continue to be pointed out in research and operational publications …”

Annex S. 253-267

„… while researching in the field (Jacobsen/Landau 2003: 2, 6, 9-10). 262 In this research, the above …” „… 24,727 25,453 25,836 26,418 25,157 20,231 255 Research Approach 1. Theoretical Framing As J. Ann …” „… Tickner, in accordance with Harding (Harding 1987: 2-3), states in What is your research program?, “I …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-14

„… Future Research 228 Bibliography 231 Annex 253 12 List of Figures Figure 1. The political and aid …” „… of Magdeburg in 2012. Several hurdles were encountered during the course of research. Though, I was …” „… comments, encouragement and trust. My research profited enormously from the former DED Refugee/IDP …”

Additional Remarks on Development-oriented Refugee Assistance S. 227-228

„… South. This aspect has been highlighted by Betts as well (Betts 2009a). 5. Avenues for Future Research …” „… . Cooperation was one of two hypotheses of the research project. The hypothesis was stated in the introduction …” „… improved. Betts already researched the international level and highlighted that strengthened cooperation is …”

Gender sensitivity S. 37-44

„… communities (UNHCR 2008a: 40). In my research, integrating the gender perspective into all operational sectors …” „… sustainable development though progress that meets the needs of present and future generations, I grasp it by …” „… the lives of current and future generations by intentionally respecting and protecting the limited …”

Beneficiaries: Gender Structures and Relations S. 155-160

„… researcher Tuyizere explains gender roles as “job behavior in a given social context.” She generally speaks …” „… the agricultural work is done by women (Tuyizere 2007: 125). The Ugandan gender researcher Mulumba …” „… distinguished in her research the micro and macro level in the context of negotiating gender relations. At the …”

Bibliography S. 231-252

„… analysis. New Issues in Refugee Research. Working Paper No. 82. UNHCR. Geneva. Barnes, Nancy E.. 2004. Why …” „… refugee solutions: lessons from the 1980s. New Issues in Refugee Research. Working Paper No. 107. UNHCR …” „… in Refugee Research. Working Paper No. 120. UNHCR. Geneva. Betts, Alexander. 2008a. Towards a ‘soft …”

Returnee Aid and Development and Quick Impact Projects S. 98-101

„… as the resident population; 28 The overall agreement in refugee research tends to collate refugee …” „… vulnerability of communities to future hazards, for example, by using emergency food-for-work schemes to invest …” „… sustainability” continued to exist and caused greater problems (Chimni 1999: 15). In addition to researchers …”

Historical Developments S. 71-80

„… and agreed on among the research community that development aid was initiated in the 1940s. By …” „… optimism of the 1950s (Fischer et al. 2007: 18). In the 1960s, researchers moved from the modernization …” „… in the 1970s, but found its climax in the 1980s. In research, neo-liberalism and arising Think Tank …”

Brief Distinction between Refugee Protection and Assistance S. 51-55

„… situations, where survival is no longer threatened, but where the future of the refugee group in terms of a …” „… term gender with women and their advancement or empowerment. The feminist research has had a great …”

Assistance at Rhino Camp S. 209-227

„… research question of “How can the development-oriented approach to refugee assistance be delivered in a way …” „… sustainable, efficient, and gendersensitive manners. 3. Assistance at Rhino Camp The research project …” „… refugee assistance. By doing so, the second sub-question of the overall research question of “How is the …”

Integrated Zonal Development Approach S. 85-89

„… the foreseeable future do not exist.” He notes that the majority of refugees were “left behind […] to …” „… immediate future. Consequently, African countries hosting the refugees continue to face a long-term …” „… ’ remains to be a poorly evaluated and researched approach that is often criticized. Critique of, among …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845246154

Ebru Turhan - The European Council Decisions Related to Turkey's Accession to the EU

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Ebru Turhan

The European Council Decisions Related to Turkey's Accession to the EU

Series: Studies on the European Union

Volume 7 2012

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Implications for Future Research and Policy S. 365-368

„… . Implications for Future Research and Policy This study found out that security interests of the EU and its …” „… Union. In this respect, future research could focus on following questions: what is the impact of …”

Bibliography S. 369-404

„… , (Ankara: Ministry of National Defense) MÜSIAD (1997), “The Turkish Economy – 1997”, MÜSIAD Research …” „… 2004, Brussels Rehn, Olli (2008), What’s the future for EU enlargement? AmCham EU Plenary meeting …” „… , Jacques (1998), Shaping Europe’s Future, Speech/98/151, 3 July 1998, Berlin Socialist Group (2004 …”

The Analytical Puzzle S. 23-28

„… future EU membership7, EU-Turkey relations continued to lack a certain balance following the start of …” „… to develop alternative scenarios related to the future relationship of the parties, since Turkey was …” „… not going to become a full member in the foreseeable future. Barry Buzan and Thomas Diez (1999), “The …”

Research Questions and Research Design S. 28-32

„… 28 1.1. Research Questions and Research Design The study deals with the following key question …” „… .20 17 Olli Rehn (2008), What’s the future for EU enlargement? AmCham EU Plenary meeting Luncheon …” „… as a strategic body that creates a vision for the future of the Union and sets goals compliant with …”

Realism & Neorealism: EU Enlargement as a Response to Security and Power Calculations S. 39-48

„… bodies of research highlighting the need to regard these two approaches as partly competing and partly …” „… integration, the research design and questions applied here make it essential to treat them as competing …” „… . 31 56 Jeffrey T. Checkel and Andrew Moravcsik (2001), “A Constructivist Research Program in EU …”

Acknowledgements S. 7-14

„… 350 6.2. Theoretical Closing 362 6.3. Implications for Future Research and Policy 365 Bibliography …” „… Wessels, for his patience and great support throughout the whole research period, his guidance and …” „… Analytical Puzzle 23 1.2. Research Questions and Research Design 28 1.3. Current Explanations 32 1.4. The …”

Economic Interests S. 89-99

„… establishment of a common foreign and security policy in the near future.220 Another component of the European …” „… regime to the needs of the future and the acceleration of economic development at the regional level.227 …” „… Turkish-European Relations”, Journal of Economic and Social Research, Vol. 7, No. 1, p. 101 234 Kramer, Die …”

The Roadmap of the Study S. 37-38

„… separate cases, in order to derive further results. The study then provides suggestions for future research …”

Longitudinal Comparative Analysis Supported by Within-Case Studies S. 70-76

„… research methodology of this study resembles the design of longitudinal comparative small-N analysis …” „… study with a research spectrum ideal for the implementation of a longitudinal design, which seeks to …” „… , longitudinal comparative research design involving same units of analysis with dissimilar observations within a …”

Member States’ Impacts on the Formation of European Council Decisions S. 195-210

„… Candidate Status”, Paper prepared for presentation at the 2004 Conference Enlargement and the Future of the …” „… Conference, where both current Member States and candidate countries would discuss the future of the EU …” „… he would support Turkey’s (future) accession to the EU, which was interpreted by Turkish authorities …”

Interests vs. Norms: the European Council Decisions Related to Turkey’s Accession to the EU S. 348-362

„… future research and policy will be outlined in light of unanswered questions and the current situation in …” „… European periphery, and had a critical attitude towards both NATO’s and Turkey’s future role in the …” „… end of the Cold War era in the late 1980s, Western Europe was unsure about Turkey’s future …”

Theoretical Closing S. 362-365

„… approaches. 6.3. Implications for Future Research and Policy This study found out that security interests of …”

Neoliberalism & Liberal Intergovernmentalism: EU Enlargement as a Response to Welfare-Related and Other Issue-Specific Interests in an Interdependent World S. 48-57

„… three core assumptions of the classical realist research program - i.e. the state-centric assumption …” „… modified structural research program based on a better understanding of domestic politics, decision-making …” „… system would worry about the potential threat of any economic gains made by their partners in the future …”

Turkey and the European Identity S. 166-178

„… Europe… For the future and in accordance with the developments taking place, the Community is willing to …” „… / english/research/publications/arenapublications/workingpapers/working-papers2001/wp 01_6.htm 171 can now see an end to its artificial divisions. This is a historic …” „… , Strasbourg, p. 2 504 Jacques Santer (1998), Shaping Europe’s Future, Speech/98/151, 3 July 1998, Berlin 505 …”

Turkey and the European Identity S. 290-301

„… the prospect of a “European future” 926 for Turkey, whereas Martin Schulz, leader of the Socialist …” „… or have Middle Eastern heritage.941 The 2004 favorability ratings of the renowned Pew Research Center …” „… of Islam and Muslim Americans, (New York: Ithaca), pp. 3-6 942 The Pew Research Center for the …”

Economic Considerations S. 147-166

„… – 1997”, MÜSIAD Research Reports, No. 23, p. 3 150 reement with the IMF. While the Ecevit government did …” „… Social Research, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 61-85; Utku Utkulu and Dilek Seymen (2004), “Trade and …” „… , op.cit., p. 121 471 Ayhan Demirbas (2001), “Energy balance, energy sources, energy policy, future …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845241661

Eshari Withanage - Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Corporate Reputation and Firm Performance

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Eshari Withanage

Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Corporate Reputation and Firm Performance

Series: Sustainability Management, Risk Governance and Communication

Volume 2 2023

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5 Implications, Limitations and Future Research S. 189-204

„… Implications, Limitations and Future ResearchConclusionThe noteworthy of the study is to scrutinise …” „… activity as well as the firms, which have conducted such activity.Limitations and Future ResearchEven …” „… and Future Researchstudy does not adopt a longitudinal research design and hence, cannot claim to …”

2 Literature Review and Relevant Aspects Underpinning Corporate Social Responsibility S. 27-98

„… theoretical framework, methodology as well as the possibility of future research context.74 Subsequently from …” „… to fulfil the future research aspects. Below elaborates more on the empirical studies conducted to …” „… researchers follow the model develop by these scholors as they are among the first to introduce such a model …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-14

„… Research5 189Conclusion5.1 189Implications5.2 190Limitations and Future Research5.3 200Appendices 205 …” „… Research Objective, Methodology and Scope1.2 20Objective and Research Questions1.2.1 20Scope and …” „… Corporate Reputation on Firm Performance3.1.3112Conceptual Framework3.2 118Methodology3.3 119Research Design …”

1 Introduction S. 15-26

„… present study context and provides suggestions for a future research study.26 1 Introduction …” „… presently, may lead to generate or will pay off in the future. Hence, CSR is seen as more of an insurance …” „… activities.33It can be seen that most of the CSR research studies are focused on developed countries.34 Hence …”

4 Results and Discussion S. 143-188

„… future growth’ under CR was removed as the significance level is higher than 0.05 (Appendix 8). However …” „… the future 0.622 0.000…offers products/services that are good value for money 0.607 0.000Social …” „… 0.464 0.000…tends to outperform its competitors 0.629 0.000…has strong prospects for future growth 0.503 …”

3 Development of Hypotheses, Conceptual Framework and Methodology S. 99-142

„… there is a constructive relationship between CSR and FP.558 Moreover, researchers have also found a …” „… before 1995. There have been 80 various measures of FP have been adopted, where only one researcher uses …” „… biasness that leads to the use of metrics by the researchers. Although various studies have adopted …”

Appendices S. 205-230

„… information relating to their perceptions on the firms CSR activities, which can be then employed in future …” „… to improve the quality of the pro-ducts/services in the future 1 2 3 4 5…offers products/services …” „… definitions and there is no mutually stipulated definition by the researches. However, for simple …”

Bibliography S. 231-262

„… . https://idoc.pub/download/research-design-in-social-researchpdf-k546yzezywn8deVaus, D. A. (2002b). Surveys in Social Research (5th ed.). London: Routledge …” „… Colombo in 2008, 48-56. http://archive.cmb.ac.lk:8080/research/handle/70130/1616Rajmanthri, S. (2005 …” „… . https://www.researchgate.net/publication/255696564_The_Handbook_of_Communication_and_Corporate_Social_ResponsibilitySurvey Research Lanka …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783957104175

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