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Constanze Semmelmann - Social Policy Goals in the Interpretation of Article 81 EC

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Constanze Semmelmann

Social Policy Goals in the Interpretation of Article 81 EC

2008

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Protecting competitors and fair competition S. 39-40

„… its ability to translate into operable legal criteria. 4. Protecting competitors and fair competition …” „… protect them from big businesses, which may amount to an objective in competition theory. This has led to …” „… the (in)famous claim that competition law protects competitors rather than competition. In other …”

Article 81 (3) EC S. 112-132

„… does not seem to leave room for aspects other than competition-related aspects to be taken into account …” „… 114 (2) Related markets Even if one accepts a limited immunity from the competition rules in the …” „… excluded the collective agreements setting up the fund from the scope of competition law because they were …”

Comment S. 93-94

„… derogations. The Court has clearly held that in the absence of such a provision, competition law fully applies …” „… bargaining agreements from the scope of competition law can be linked to genuine competition goals or market …” „… recognised goals of competition law and policy and its methodology. Whether such a “smooth” reconciliation is …”

Socio-political issues S. 40-41

„… 42competition law, which are often associated with the protection of smaller businesses. The …” „… fair income distribution.110 In Germany, this structure-based multi-goal concept was known under the …” „… competition law. Socio-economic conditions and circumstances have frequently represented the background and …”

Small and medium sized enterprises S. 54-55

„… framework for the efficiencies, their measurement, and their balance with competition-related aspects. The …” „… limitation of its scope. 5. Freedom of competition/economic freedom The value of the economic freedom of …” „… 56Commission, increasingly followed by the CFI, assumes that EC competition law pursues the goal of …”

Competitive process S. 39

„… its ability to translate into operable legal criteria. 4. Protecting competitors and fair competition …” „… protect them from big businesses, which may amount to an objective in competition theory. This has led to …” „… the (in)famous claim that competition law protects competitors rather than competition. In other …”

Freedom of competition/economic freedom S. 55-57

„… limitation of its scope. 5. Freedom of competition/economic freedom The value of the economic freedom of …” „… assumed that companies of limited size can do little harm to competition. The favourable treatment results …” „… favourable treatment is not represented by incorporating a goal of EC competition law as such, but rather a …”

Competition as a means to further ends S. 47-49

„… been softened.148 Open balances will be required between (intra-/inter-brand) competition and likely …” „… particularity of EC competition law that differentiates EC competition law from other national competition laws …” „… , and also from US competition law. In light of the above favourable arguments, market integration will …”

Content S. 9-16

„… competitors and fair competition 415. Socio-political issues 426. Compatibility of and harmonisation among the …” „… competition/economic freedom 576. Conclusion: The goals of EC competition law 59V. Non-competition goals 61Chapter 3 …” „… 11Content Preface 7Content 11Abbreviations 19Chapter 1: Striking the balance between competition …”

Economic efficiency S. 36-39

„… into operable legal criteria. 4. Protecting competitors and fair competition Especially in line with …” „… the prime and ultimate purpose of competition policy consists of the promotion and maintenance of a …” „… process of effective competition in order to achieve economic efficiency. In other words, economic welfare …”

The free movement provisions, their application vis-à-vis state actors and social policy S. 160-162

„… of workers is to guarantee “a climate of fair competition” and “the respect for the rights of workers …” „… , the relationship between state action and competition law requires a closer look to ascertain …” „… public and private sphere are increasingly blurry, the pursuit of non-competition policies in competition …”

The US “rule of reason” S. 94-97

„… efficiencies.390 The Supreme Court noted repeatedly that the balance only includes competition-related aspects …” „… mentioned above, Article 81 EC offers several options for taking non-competition goals into account. The …” „… Article 81(3) EC could be the starting point for analysing social policy goals in EC competition law …”

The transnational dimension of labour S. 78-80

„… choice between regulatory competition and the creation of a level playing field by harmonising the laws …” „… inter-jurisdictional competition for businesses moving to states with the least onerous regulatory requirements. He …” „… to be linked to productivity.320 According to the fair-trade advocates, economic growth, especially …”

Positive and negative integration and in between S. 61-68

„… merely market-related reasons (i.e. to ensure fair competition) at the insistence of France.235Thus, from …” „… 63Chapter 3: Social policy as a non-competition goal The nature of social policy is a complex …” „… matter. Social policy objectives are among the non-competition goals, but they are closely linked to the …”

The free movement provisions, social policy, and their application to private parties S. 162-173

„… of workers is to guarantee “a climate of fair competition” and “the respect for the rights of workers …” „… for by the host state. The (threatened) competition at issue is the competition on the territory of …” „… ratione personae of the free movement provisions and the application of the competition rules. The ECJ has …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845210797

Robert Grzeszczak - Renationalisation of the Integration Process in the Internal Market of the European Union

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Robert Grzeszczak (ed.)

Renationalisation of the Integration Process in the Internal Market of the European Union

Series: German and European Studies of the Willy Brandt Center at the Wroclaw University

Volume 8 2018

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Piotr Kwasiborski Chapter 5: Posted Workers Directive under revision – a step towards the fair competition or a demonstration of the EU integration process' reverse? S. 127-156

„… Posted Workers Directive under revision – a step towards the fair competition or a demonstration of …” „… justified protection of posted workers and maintenance of fair competition in the EU internal market. Such …” „… be further analysed. According to Mrs. Thyssen, the competition will be fair only if the same rules …”

Piotr Kwasiborski Chapter 4: Social Dumping on the EU internal market – a real challenge for the EU integration process? S. 89-126

„… . Instead, the host Member States are rather focused on the calls to ensure the "fair competition" on the …” „… Kwasiborski Key words: social dumping, challenges for EU integration process, regulatory competition …” „… social dumping is. This applies most to the problem of so called "regulatory competition" involving …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-6

„… process? Chapter 4: 89 Piotr Kwasiborski Posted Workers Directive under revision – a step towards the fair …” „… competition or a demonstration of the EU integration process' reverse? Chapter 5: 127 Piotr Kwasiborski …”

Robert Grzeszczak Introduction S. 7-14

„… (Posted Workers Directive under revision - a step towards the fair competition or a demonstration of the …” „… above is the new, more dynamic, competition between Member States for leadership in sectoral EU policies …” „… related to the free movement of non-employees as well as to competition law (particularly due to the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845283791

Sharon Block, Benjamin H. Harris - Inequality and the Labor Market

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Sharon Block (ed.), Benjamin H. Harris (ed.)

Inequality and the Labor Market

2021

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Fair Competition in Labor Markets Requires a Policymaker's Thumb on the Workers' Side of the Scale S. 67-84

doi.org/10.5771/9780815738817

Roland Wiring - Pressefusionskontrolle im Rechtsvergleich

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Roland Wiring

Pressefusionskontrolle im Rechtsvergleich

Series: Wirtschaftsrecht und Wirtschaftspolitik

Volume 213 2008

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Rechtsgrundlagen S. 441-479

„… Werktagen vom Office of Fair Trading zur weiteren Prüfung an die CompetitionCommission verwiesen, gilt der …” „… halten.1758 In ihren Guidelines nennen das Office of Fair Trading und die CompetitionCommission eine …” „… Wettbewerbsbehörden »Office of Fair Trading« und »Competition Commission«, sowie die Einführung eines neuen …”

Zusammenfassende Stellungnahme S. 519-525

„… FairTrading ein Verstoß gegen das Chapter II-Verbot vor.2054 Die Entscheidung wurdevom Competition Appeal …” „… Zeitungsverlagengrundsätzlich allein das Office of Fair Trading und die Competition Commissionzuständig. Der Secretary of State …” „… . Insgesamt bleibt abzuwarten, wie das Office of Fair Trading und die Competition Commission mit ihrer neu …”

Einzelfragen der Pressefusionskontrolle S. 479-519

„… Secretary ofState entscheidet nach Konsultationen mit dem Office of Fair Trading, der Competition Commission …” „… eigenständigeWerbemärkte darstellen.1936 Auch der Director General of Fair Trading, das Competition Appeal Tribunal und das …” „… werden.1939 Diese Marktdefinition ist von der Competition Commissionund dem Office of Fair Trading in …”

Einleitung S. 439-441

„… Wirtschaftsminister auf die unabhängigen Wettbewerbsbehörden »Office of Fair Trading« und »Competition Commission …” „… Monopolsituationen einer Kontrolle unterwarfund im Jahre 1973 durch den Fair Trading Act 1973 ersetzt wurde; der …” „… Competition Act 1980, der die Kontrolle von wettbewerbsbeschränkenden Verhaltensweisen einzelner, in der Regel …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 679-709

„… : http://www.oft.gov.uk.Office of Fair Trading: Market Definition – Understanding competition law (OFT 403), London, Dezember2004 …” „… , distort competition, and endangerdemocracy, Lanham, Maryland 1998.Amann, Matthias …” „… Lessening of Competition?, Bonn 2001, abrufbar unter: http://www.bundeskartellamt.de. Bundeskartellamt …”

Abkürzungsverzeichnis S. 29-34

„… Competition Act 1998Cardozo Arts & Ent. L. J. Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law JournalCase W. Res. J. Int’l L …” „… . Case Western Reserve Journal of International LawCAT Competition Appeal TribunalCath. U. L. Rev …” „… . Catholic University Law ReviewCC Competition CommissionCir. CircuitCJR Columbia Journalism …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-28

„… 348(2) Räumlicher Markt 349bb) »Substantial Lessening of Competition« 350(1) Horizontale …” „… ) Räumlicher Markt 398cc) Fazit 399b) »Substantial Lessening of Competition« 402aa) Horizontale Pressefusionen …” „… ) »Substantial Lessening of Competition« 452cc) Defences 454(1) Efficiencies 454(2) »Failing firm defence« 455d …”

Zusammenfassende Stellungnahme S. 421-439

„… Zusammenhänge werden im US-amerikanischen Antitrustrecht von der »potential competition theory« erfasst.1646 Da …” „… Wettbewerb undMarktbeherrschung, S. 130 ff.; Schopler, Doctrine of Potential Competition as Basis forFinding …” „… Violation of § 7 of Clayton Act, 44 A.L.R.Fed., S. 412 ff.; Kaplan, Potential competition and section 7 of …”

Der Schutz des publizistischen Wettbewerbs durch das pressespezifische Antikonzentrationsrecht S. 667-672

„… Zeitungswesen – bedroht erscheint. In einem komplexen Verfahren, an dem das Office of Fair Tradingund die …” „… Competition Commission beteiligt sind, wird ermittelt, ob der Zusammenschluss unter Berücksichtigung sowohl …”

Einzelfragen der Kartellrechtsanwendung im Pressebereich S. 629-647

„… im Volltext abrufbar unter http://ec.europa.eu/comm/competition/mergers/cases/); vgl. zur …” „… Printmedien auch in der Entscheidung Gruner+Jahr/DE-KRA/FairCar.2490Ob und inwieweit für die unterschiedlichen …” „… Kommission, 24.11.1999, COMP.M.1701 – Gruner+Jahr/DEKRA/FairCar, Rn. 9.2491 Kommission, 14.3.1994, IV.M.423 …”

Rechtsgrundlagen S. 598-629

„… , Competition Law, S. 816.599die Kommission den notifizierten Vorgang innerhalb von 25 Arbeitstagen …” „… : Quid Novi Sub Sole?, World Competition 2004,S. 177, 192 ff.; Cook/Kerse, EC Merger Control, S. 178 ff …” „… , 564 ff.; González Díaz, The Reform of European Merger Control: Quid Novi Sub Sole?, World Competition …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845206110

Jürgen Keßler, Hans-W. Micklitz, Mareen Basler, Holger Beuchler, Romina Bonome-Dells - Kundenschutz auf liberalisierten Märkten - Personenverkehr/Eisenbahn -

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Jürgen Keßler, Hans-W. Micklitz, Mareen Basler, Holger Beuchler, Romina Bonome-Dells

Kundenschutz auf liberalisierten Märkten - Personenverkehr/Eisenbahn -

2008

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Mareen Basler, Holger Beuchler, Romina Bonome-Dells, Jürgen Keßler, Hans-W. Micklitz Länderbericht Vereinigtes Königreich S. 233-266

„… 33 Vgl. Office of Fair Trading, How will the Enterprise Act 2002 change the Competition Act 1998 …” „… die Competition Commission, sofern das Office of Fair Trading vermutet, dass durch bestimmtes …” „… Wettbewerbsverstöße ergreifen. Das Office of Fair Trading arbeitet oft eng mit der Competition Commission (CC)55 …”

Mareen Basler, Holger Beuchler, Romina Bonome-Dells, Jürgen Keßler, Hans-W. Micklitz Länderbericht Schweden S. 151-182

„… competition, S. 8, 2002 homepage der Svenska Lokaltrafikföreningen http://www.sltf.se/english/index_eng.htm. 9 …” „… .), Kompetenz Center Wettbewerb. 14 Quelle: Public transport in Sweden – co-ordination and competition, S. 17 …” „… 25 Quelle: Public transport in Sweden – co-ordination and competition, S. 4 homepage der Svenska …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845207162

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