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Reimund Seidelmann (ed.)

The New Germany

2011

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Kirsten Westphal German Energy Policy S. 137-146

„… 137 German Energy Policy Kirsten Westphal 1. Energy Demand and Supply in Germany Germany is the fi …” „… security. 2. Energy Policy and the Energy Sector in Germany The fi gures and facts of German energy supply …” „… policy. In general, energy policy aims at three objectives: First, security of supply, second, economic …”

Kirsten Westphal Germany and Russia S. 373-382

„… interdependence’. This policy aimed to engage Russia in a web of mutual interdependencies with energy as a key …” „… 373 Germany and Russia Kirsten Westphal 1. Germany’s Policy towards Russia Russia is Germany’s …” „… relationship with Moscow. In the 1990’s, the German policy was directed to support Russia’s democratic and …”

Dieter Eissel The German Social Security System and its Reforms S. 121-137

„… ). Datenreport 2006. Zahlen und Fakten ueber die Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Bonn. 137 German Energy Policy …” „… pension-policy decisions, this approach will be supplemented by the principles of demographic sustainability …” „… nance policy. 4. The Financial Crisis Of course, the overall aggregated public costs of unemployment in …”

Iwona A. Hanska Germany and Poland S. 360-373

„… attitude towards Poland. Détente policy in general and the FRG’s policies3 in particular towards Poland …” „… Helmut Kohl and with the beginning of the more pragmatic European and more pro- Russian policy of …” „… selfassured policy – particularly towards the new candidates for membership in the EU. In sum, the …”

About the contributors S. 393-395

„… Integration, German Foreign Policy, and International Relations Westphal, Kirsten: Dr., Energy Expert and …” „… Giessen/Germany. Publications and research on international energy relations, EU foreign relations, Russia/CIS …” „… foreign policy, and German domestic and foreign policy …”

Dieter Eissel The German Economy S. 75-103

„… plans of many cities and especially following the EU in the energy- and traffi c-policy – has not …” „… matter of government policy. However and in contrast for example to the U.S. model, the German …” „… created by policy makers after World War II having a vivid memory of market distortions and social …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-8

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Dieter Eissel German Energy Policy …” „… Foreign Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 …” „… Reimund Seidelmann Germany’s Security Policy …”

Alexander Grasse Federalism in Germany S. 239-269

„… policy-making autonomy, i.e. their own political and administrative structures and exclusive responsibilities …” „… opportunities to exercise their right to vote and to participate in policy-making. Social resources for …” „… trap’. According to this theory, policy-making and fundamental changes to the rules via which policy …”

Christoph Schuck Germany’s Development Policy S. 382-392

„… 382 Germany’s Development Policy Christoph Schuck 1. Introduction Over the past decades, Germany’s …” „… development policy has refl ected global trends and has been adjusted to changing perceptions of poverty …” „… descriptions. Among the changes the fi eld of development policy has undergone in recent years is the …”

Dieter Eissel The German Social Market Economy S. 103-111

„… policy, fi rstly setting the market forces free and then subsequently carrying out income corrections of …” „… supplement their economic policy by a social policy but not forgetting about an unambiguous border: “If …” „… social policy aims at guaranteeing all people – already from the hour of birth – a full security against …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845227115

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Richard C. Bush

Difficult Choices

2021

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Taiwan's Energy Policy S. 79-101

doi.org/10.5771/9780815738343

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Christian D. Falkowski

Europe for us

Series: Denkart Europa | Mindset Europe

Volume 16 2011

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European energy policy S. 97-103

„… , measureswhich are partly in the Greek II package of July 2011.European energy policyEurope evolved from energy …” „… energy policy.Europe's current regulations and political measures demonstrate considerable structural …” „… (coal and steel) a first ambitious attempt tojointly organise energy policy had been initiated.However …”

The Global Europe S. 103-125

„… this vis-à-vis other global players.Energy policy is another requirement. Only jointly will Europe be …” „… . There is an urgent needfor a common energy policy to emerge from the coordination of energypolicies on …” „… and transportation ofelectricity clearly re-iterates the need for a European energy policy …”

The vulnerability of our planet S. 137-141

„… former’s current energy policy. If the current energy policy, which ischaracterised by national interests …” „… toEurope and can only be rendered sustainable via a European policy of diversification of energy supplies …” „… sults for areas that are key to Europe's future prosperity. These include energy …”

The European Economic and Monetary Union S. 87-97

„… of July 2011.European energy policyEurope evolved from energy policy: when six European states (Italy …” „… organise energy policy had been initiated.However, the potential for energy policy this Community presented …” „… required a solid American economic,monetary and trade policy.However, the US trade balance and the balance …”

Aspects of global powers S. 141-167

„… and energy policy to date. Here too China shows scant goodwill andonly consistently pursues its own …” „… energies.The critical energy question also emerges in India's foreign policy stance.India's once leading role …” „… views on environmental and climate policy.JapanWhile India and its elites speculate intensively on its …”

A changed world - a common Europe S. 167-174

„… economic output, climatechange, energy supply or control of nuclear material, the challenges canonly be …” „… steering development in the rightdirection.Europe must expand its policy of partnership with Africa. This …” „… energy sector, road construction, water supply and the industrial infrastructure. Building up Africa is …”

The EU Sustainable Development Strategy S. 189-191

„… energy policy testifies to the huge influence of the SustainableDevelopment Strategy on the political …” „… promoted through dialogue andcooperation with partners in the European Neighbourhood Policy …” „… renewable energies as a proportion ofoverall energy consumption increased by 20% in comparison to 1990 …”

Environmentally friendly behaviour S. 191-195

„… good ecological status for all waters is to beachieved by 2015. The Union's integrated Maritime Policy …” „… is a commonframework for all EU maritime policy issues and the actual sustainable useof the maritime …” „… considerations in their tendering procedures andprocurement guidelines, public institutions can save energy …”

Institutional balance S. 202-208

„… has established a platform for the formationof joint policy, using which the member states have agreed …” „… national policy of the member states is strongly characterised by theschedule of parliamentary democracy …” „… , such as the climate and energy package, theStability and Growth Pact, the single market, agricultural …”

Think globally - act European S. 195-198

„… change and accessto scare resources, such as water and energy. There are 19 participatingstates at G20 …” „… , buteconomic policy is still largely national policy. The same is true of external,security and defence policy …” „… even ifforeign (and in Germany also development) policy primarily only serves topursue national trade …”

The European Union- a common space for liberty and democracy S. 175-179

„… rounded off to createthe Europe of today. This policy of successful enlargement and integrationmust remain …” „… Union's existing policy of offering potentialcandidates far-reaching agreements before the assumption of …” „… areas such as energy, climate issues and resources.The stabilisation of the immediate vicinity is key to …”

The Europe 2020 strategy S. 179-185

„… resources, the ratio of theworking and unemployed population, rising raw material and energy prices,the …” „… quickly implicated, partly dueto the lack of a common Union economic policy and an independent …” „… , supported by the central bank's policy of cheap moneywas the decisive catalyst that brought down the house …”

A multilayered new world - the Lisbon Treaty S. 125-133

„… policy.To date, the member states have used the process of 'enhanced cooperation' to handle cross-border …” „… Mediterranean policy, which must be redesigned, the'Eastern Partnership' is to result in an overall package for …” „… the Neighbourhood Policy. It is of major political importance for the Union to create anarea between …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… , theoften-criticised agricultural and energy policy and the Economic and Monetary Union.Every step along the path to a …” „… 82The European Economic and Monetary Union2.7 877European energy policy2.8 97The Global Europe2.9 103 …” „… not exist at all. From thebeginning, advocates of European integration did not see their policy as …”

From the common present jointly into the future S. 133-134

„… integration (caused by French PresidentCharles de Gaulle's obstructionist policy) and consolidate itself with …” „… Russia are closely connectedthrough energy, the USA and China are financially dependent on each otherand …” „… be decisive, such as access to and availability of natural resources (water, energy and arable land …”

The Common Europe S. 62-71

„… Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders (Frontex).Union trade policyA strong Europe …” „… world.The 27 member states of the Union have a common agricultural policy,a common single market, a common …” „… costs via value added tax and Great Britain does notlevy VAT on basic foodstuffs, energy and water …”

Introduction S. 11-18

„… , lasting prosperity, energy security, migration and overcoming the climate crisis as well as internal and …” „… and the tendency towards confrontation. Overcoming this demands acontinuation of the European policy …” „… of 'democratic enlargement'. Within avery short amount of time, this policy has successfully …”

Sustainability - the future is here today S. 188-189

„… sustainability into many of its political strategies. EU climate and energy policy testifies to the huge …” „… economic policy. Economic growth continues to be seen as the panacea to circumvent the crisis.For decades …” „… prompted the development of a policy of 'live off interest,not capital', which is also the financial basis …”

Security and defence - the European security model S. 198-202

„… Policy(CFSP). According to this, member states must make their civil and militarycapabilities available to the …” „… expanded to a commonprocurement policy.The Lisbon Treaty has paved the way for member states to improve …” „… abandoning them to a policy that is led by random interests of balance. The Unionmust assert itself …”

Knowledge and innovation - a European knowledge society S. 185-188

„… , namely the eventual overcoming of a policy that repeatedlyfailed in the past due to delusions of grandeur …” „… socialchallenges, such as climate change and scarcity of energy and resources aswell as issues of health and …” „… and the security of knowledge improved.It is a waste of money that in a backward-looking policy, the …”

Joint political decision-making S. 211-215

„… sensitive areas of policy, such as security, terrorism,energy, climate change and external policy. The …” „… concepts in future.This would be a reaction to the fact that there is such thing as Europeaninternal policy …” „… Euro, the common single market, the Common Agricultural Policy and Schengen. However, plenty still …”

On the way to integration: Europe between individual interests and community S. 27-39

„… defining factor in the future of European politics.The change in US policy from opposing European …” „… aggressive American foreign policy, it simultaneously promised the USA's strong commitment to Western Europe …” „… the immediate aftermath of the SecondWorld War.The new US policy was thus in line with a popular …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845233000

Aline Bartenstein - The Concept of Solidarity

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Aline Bartenstein

The Concept of Solidarity

Series: Studies on the European Union

Volume 18 2021

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3. The principle of solidarity as political commitment and legal norm S. 118-153

„… solidarity has developed in energy policy concentrating on major political trends and decisions which …” „… influence the emergence of an EU energy policy and secondary law (s. annex 4 for timeline). Solidarity is …” „… Union policy on energy (the implications of this article are further outlined in ch. 3.1.4). Art. 222 …”

List of Literature S. 273-308

„… a Common European Energy Policy', Friedrich Ebert Stiftung – International Policy Analysis, October …” „… : Campus Verlag. Benson, David and Russel, Duncan (2015) 'Patterns of EU Energy Policy Outputs …” „… Publishing Limited. Blair, Tony (2005) Blair calls for stronger EU energy policy co-operation: Euractiv …”

4. Solidarity in secondary law: only cosmetic improvements? S. 154-250

„… European energy policy could look like. One of the questions concerned the design of possible preventive …” „… , which would consider all aspects of energy policy. Energy Commissioner Piebalgs stated in a speech on 9 …” „… needed as „essential element of a common energy policy“ to ensure security of supply and to guarantee the …”

Annex S. 309-318

„… Luxembourg Annex 3: Annex 315 Major policy trends in energy policy with a focus on solidarity Date Policy …” „… law in energy policy 2004 Eastern Enlargement Changes level of EU dependence; vulnerability of EU …” „… increased 2005 Hampton Court; Informal European Council Meeting Call for an Energy Policy for Europe 2006 …”

1. Introduction: European solidarity – a chameleonic term S. 17-31

„… different policy fields, such as migration, energy, foreign policy and emergencies including terrorism and …” „… migration, budget, energy and regional policy. For the analysis, I chose four legal acts and one Court case …” „… . Energy policy has been one of the policy fields where solidarity is up and trending. Energy policy has …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-16

„… Studies on the European Union | 18 The Concept of Solidarity Energy Policy in the European Union …” „… Volume 18 Energy Policy in the European Union The Concept of Solidarity Nomos Aline Bartenstein The …” „… Solidarity Energy Policy in the European Union Aline Bartenstein 318 pp. Includes bibliographic references …”

5. Conclusions S. 251-272

„… of 2007, the Member States agreed to implement a European energy policy, which is why positive …” „… political pressure and a way of action to embrace a coherent foreign energy policy. Solidarity was presented …” „… as policy solution to the gas crisis but also as necessity to create coherence in energy policy. In …”

2. Research framework S. 32-117

„… solidarity emerged within states due to the institutions which were brought to life by social policy (Kuhn …” „… for policy decisions that not only affirm pragmatic interests among a set of governments or …” „… article on fiscal solidarity, that an exclusive national identity does not prevent European social policy …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748927952

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Dierk Bauknecht

Transforming the Grid

Series: Wettbewerb und Regulierung von Märkten und Unternehmen

Volume 20 2012

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Energy policy and regulation S. 155-160

„… and the relationship between policyand regulation.Energy policy and regulationChapters 5 and 6 and the …” „… highlights this. Core energy policy issues like security of supply, liberalisation andaffordable …” „… by the standard model and itsrole in a wider energy policy context.There is more to the standard …”

References S. 235-250

„… ), 'Assessing the Dutch Energy Transition Policy:How Does it Deal with Dilemmas of Managing Transitions …” „… Union and the United States', Energy Policy, 35 (4), 2453-2465.Competition Commission (ed) (2002), The …” „… ', Energy Policy, 37 (3), 1145-1155.Coutard, O. (2003), 'Economics of Grid Systems in Reconfiguration …”

Governance of Innovation and System Transformation S. 205-220

„… reductions in grid tariffs (DEA 2003: 7).Relationship with energy policyAs described in the previous section …” „… planningDanish energy policy has a long-running tradition of policy-making based on longterm plans. According to …” „… beparticularly active in RD&D.• Research priorities are coordinated with energy policy objectives. Under …”

Background: Liberalisation, DG and system transformation S. 189-198

„… operation of the electricity system was rather minimal (Hadjilambrinos 1999). Energy policy did play an …” „… , energy policy190did not rely on ownership, but rather on command-and-control instruments and toa large …” „… that were a primary objective of Danish energy policy before liberalisation (OECD 1999: 10).Overall, in …”

Governance of DG connection S. 198-205

„… 2002b: 25; IEA 2002b). It is an agency within the energy departmentand is responsible for energy policy …” „… the economic regulation of networksas well as the implementation of some other energy policies, these …” „… tasks are clearlysplit between two agencies in Denmark, namely DEA, the Danish Energy …”

Beyond changes in the incentive formula S. 179-189

„… designed without much thought toits wider role in energy policy”.When still in opposition, Labour, on the …” „… developing a regulatory concept that placed network regulation into a wider energy policy context.In line …” „… group goes beyondimplementing objectives defined in the energy policy realm; it has an importantrole in …”

Background: Liberalisation pioneer and DG policy S. 161-166

„… significant shifts in UK energy policy, from the beginning of the millenniumonwards. An important milestone …” „… regime that are not limited to the incentive formula.Background: Liberalisation pioneer and DG policyThe …” „… was the 2003 Energy White Paper (DTI 2003),which did not focus on competition only, but placed a …”

Incentive regulation and DG connection S. 166-171

„… directly linked to energy policy objectives, but rather located within the regulator’s efficiency and …” „… 53.2 56.6 3.5 0.35Source: Ofgem 2004aGenerator-use-of-system charges and the policy-regulation …” „… of our energy supplies and potentially to more competitive energy markets” (Cabinet Office 2006: 62 …”

Electricity market liberalisation S. 23-31

„… markets are designed correctly and prices are allowed to signal allrelevant costs. Energy policy thus …” „… importantobject of environmental policy (Joskow 2006b: 3), yet climate change together witha more general …” „… liberalisation andclimate policy objectives can be reconciled; or in other words whether and howmarket …”

Research question: Governance of DG integration and network transformation S. 65-70

„… is embedded in the broader institutional context of energy policy-making,so that the regulatory …” „… :1) General energy policy2) Economic network regulation through an independent regulator3 …” „… (level playing field)?Or is regulation to support additional energy policy goals?What kind of innovations …”

Electricity system development and distributed generation S. 39-55

„… not figured prominentlyin the sustainability discourse in the energy sector. Sustainability in …” „… reducing consumption on the demand side. An early example isthe “soft energy path” put forward by Lovins …” „… recently, ‘transition management’ in the Dutch energy sector, althoughpursuing a systems approach, also …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… PhDthesis. Alongside the Sussex Energy Group at SPRU Science and Technology Policy Research at the …” „… Regulation under uncertainty7.1.3.1 146Actor coordination7.1.3.2 152Conclusion7.1.4 154Energy policy and …” „… role of Energinet.dk9.3.3 209How Energinet.dk was set up9.3.3.1 210Relationship with energy policy …”

Governance mechanisms beyond the incentive formula S. 137-155

„… policyand regulation.Energy policy and regulationChapters 5 and 6 and the first section of this chapter have …” „… regulation in the wider energy policy context.It should be noted that there is not much literature which …” „… the energy transition on ‘regular’ energy policy. Our assessment above7.1.4154highlights this. Core …”

Electricity system transformation S. 31-36

„… instruments” and present “indicative energy planning” as one such instrument. In the Energy Journal by the …” „… International Association of Energy Economics – which published this contribution amidst prominent proponents of …” „… energy systems and has coined the term ‘carbon lock-in’. He analyses various institutional and technical …”

DG connection and integration S. 220-222

„… countries is the link between the DG mechanisms and the energy policy framework. In Denmark, the design of …” „… by energy policy objectives, but the regulatorymechanisms drawn up for DG follow the logic of the …”

Beyond the incentive regulation mechanism S. 130-135

„… with overall energy policy objectives. If there is a politicaldecision to support DG and related …” „… network innovations; secondly, it discusses the policy-regulation interface and how it is affected by …” „… support national policy objectives (see the discussion on internal and external objectives in chapter 5 …”

Overview of thesis structure S. 21-23

„… prices are allowed to signal allrelevant costs. Energy policy thus mainly becomes a matter of market …” „… electricity sector has always been an importantobject of environmental policy (Joskow 2006b: 3), yet climate …” „… general level, the question of this thesis is how liberalisation andclimate policy objectives can be …”

Conclusion S. 160

„… by the standard model and itsrole in a wider energy policy context.There is more to the standard …”

Conclusion S. 135-137

„… strongly calls for a political decision andneeds to be coordinated with overall energy policy objectives …” „… of the fact that these amendments change the relationshipbetween policy-making and regulation.While …”

Background S. 17-20

„… two major political forces that have shaped policy-makingin general and the electricity sector in …” „… ), powered by renewable energy sources orproducing both power and heat.For many decades, the electricity …”

Conclusions S. 227-233

„… playing-field framework, but DG is an energy policy objective andrequires a different kind of infrastructure …” „… policy-making and regulation.General conclusions about the standard model of liberalisationThe research question …”

Research design and method S. 70-78

„… efficiency-oriented economicregulation (level playing field)?Or is regulation to support additional energy policy …” „… policy analysis that seeks to identifyall the factors that have driven this development in the specific …” „… published in theregulatory or policy process (e.g. published by the regulator) as well as studies …”

Network regulation S. 55-65

„… isdifficult for policy-makers to credibly commit themselves to a long-term strategy(Majone 1997). While …” „… specialised in a narrow range of policy issues, are staffed byexperts in that field and are to be independent …” „… of politics (Majone 1997; Pollitt etal. 2001).This attempt to separate policy and regulation is also …”

Integrating new objectives and incentives into the standard model S. 87-94

„… hand. Integrating DG into the standard model thus becomes a matter of policyintegration.However, this …” „… high network costsmay be due to a lot of primary energy potential for renewables in this networkarea …” „… certainobjectives set by the regulator or the policy process – not just incentives for efficiency (broader …”

Designing DG incentives for DSOs S. 94-105

„… network companies to pursue certainobjectives set by the regulator or the policy process – not just …” „… . To elicit the commitment of time, energy, and creativityneeded to fully exploit the potential for …”

Incentive regulation and network innovation S. 171-179

„… support the DG objective of energy policyand from the DSO perspective they may help to reduce the costs of …” „… by Ofgem, with EdF Energy reaching the highest level (0.39 %). Thehigher pass-through rate in the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845239880

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