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Jörg Philipp Terhechte - OPEC und europäisches Wettbewerbsrecht

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Jörg Philipp Terhechte

OPEC und europäisches Wettbewerbsrecht

2008

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Fragmentation of International Economic Law S. 102-103

„… 102 K. SummaryK. SummaryI. Introduction1. Fragmentation of International Economic Law International …” „… economic law seeks to provide rules for international business activities. Nowadays, those activities have …” „… international economic law. Even in the case ofrestrictions of competition caused by states, there are no …”

Fragmentation of International Economic Law and Private Enforcement S. 125-126

„… worth keeping in mind. 3. Fragmentation of International Economic Law and Private Enforcement It turns …” „… problemof fragmentation of international economic law (or international law in general).Its application …” „… on the level of international law. In this context strengthening of WTO lawrepresents an alternative …”

The Ban on Cartels in Art. 81 ECT S. 111-116

„… affected by thequotas. Consequently these quotas fall within the scope of EC competition law.The quota-made …” „… suppliesto the common market, EC competition law applies to them as well. Hence, fromthe European law’s …” „… V. Application of European Competition Law to OPEC 111V. Application of European Competition Law to …”

Application to OPEC or its Members? S. 110-111

„… 110 K. SummaryEconomic theory identifies a number of elements of a cartel: • Agreement: parties …” „… Fusionskontrollverfahrensrecht, § 10 para 10.13.316 H. Kronstein, The Law of International Cartels (1973), p. 41. 317 As well R …” „… /opectestimony.htm; CFB – Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis, FAQs about Oil and the World Economy, p …”

Alternatives S. 124-125

„… International Economic Law and Private Enforcement It turns out that EC competition law is applicable to OPEC …” „… rules could furthermore advance solving the problemof fragmentation of international economic law (or …” „… and European Competition LawThe intention of this issue was to point out the problems that may arise …”

The Role of European Competition Law S. 103-104

„… international economic law. Even in the case ofrestrictions of competition caused by states, there are no …” „… fields of international law, European law and national economic law that have yet to be resolved.289Is …” „… law?Assuming OPEC can be brought under EC law, which authorities should be responsible for enforcing the law …”

The Concept of Cartels in General S. 109-110

„… fundamental rules of USantitrust law and makes it much easier for US competition authorities to take …” „… due to technical questions and concerns in relation to international law.314 IV. OPEC and Cartel …” „… about applying European competition law to OPEC, one should clarify the technical meaning of a carteland …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-14

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1021. Fragmentation of International Economic Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1022. The Role of …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1243. Fragmentation of International Economic Law and Private Enforcement …” „… rely on somepermissive rule of international law.«PCIJ, France v. Turkey,PCIJ, Series A, No. 10, 19 …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 127-132

„… The International and Comparative Law Quarterly (1981), S. 745 ff.Fraser, S., Political Economic …” „… 1986Faull, J./Nikpay, A. (eds.), The EC Law of Competition, Oxford 1999Fezer, K.-H./Koos, S …” „… , J./Wilmhurst, E., State Immunity: The United Nations Convention and its effect, Chatam House International Law …”

Alternative Approaches S. 123-124

„… and European Competition LawThe intention of this issue was to point out the problems that may arise …” „… from an economic perspective, the EU depends on OPEC, even thoughthere are approaches like the »mix of …” „… enormous economicchallenge – arising inter alia under German law – is to specify the amount of thedamage …”

General Remarks S. 104-105

„… , European law and national economic law that have yet to be resolved.289Is European competition law …” „… orthe comity doctrine, and thereby evade application of European competition law?Assuming OPEC can be …” „… effectively operates as a cartel, to European competition law? If Europeancompetition law may be used to …”

The Importance of OPEC in the World Oil Market S. 107-108

„… III. The Economic Importance of OPEC 107naturally have very different interests.304 OPEC is well …” „… OPEC. III. The Economic Importance of OPECThe Member States of the European Union are net importers of …” „… the economic strategy ofOPEC, so that its actual influence is quite strong. OPEC’s influence over most …”

OPEC and European Competition Law S. 124

„… and European Competition LawThe intention of this issue was to point out the problems that may arise …” „… when applying supranational law to »state cartels.« EC competition law refers to the EUdomestic market …” „… . That does not imply, however, that the law is only applicable torestrictions of competition caused by …”

Abkürzungsverzeichnis S. 15-18

„… International LawVanderbilt J.Transnational L. Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Lawverb. Rs. verbundene …” „… Presserecht)AJIL American Journal of International LawAmerican Univ. L. Rev. American University Law …” „… ReviewAntitrust L. J. Antitrust Law JournalArt. Artikel/ArticleAufl. AuflageAVR Archiv des Völkerrechts …”

Private Enforcement S. 123

„… from an economic perspective, the EU depends on OPEC, even thoughthere are approaches like the »mix of …” „… enormous economicchallenge – arising inter alia under German law – is to specify the amount of thedamage …” „… . But in a civil claim under German law this may could left be open. UnderGerman law there exists under …”

Zum Begriff des Kartells S. 46-49

„… Formel H. Kronsteins ist ein Kartell »a coordination ofthe economic behavior of independent partners …” „… ökonomischenTheorie eingeordnet werden. 76 H. Kronstein, The Law of International Cartels, S. 41. 77 Vgl. D. Elliot/R …” „… . AntitrustLaw to OPEC, 50 American Univ. L. Rev. (2001), S. 1321 ff.; J. P. Griffin, Special …”

Political Consequences S. 122-123

„… representation), whichis to a certain extent contrary to international law.356 So, how is this Gordian knotto be …” „… international law, especially theprinciple of state immunity. Furthermore, it matches the regular practice of …” „… U.S. ones about the application of cartel law to OPEC existin Europe as well. For a number of reasons …”

The Importance of OPEC for National Markets – Example: Germany S. 108-109

„… provisions. Whethercommon principles of EU law, e.g. the principle of loyalty, may help in this situation or …” „… not, mustbe doubted in the light of the enormous economic and political meaning of oil resources and …” „… USantitrust law and makes it much easier for US competition authorities to take actionagainst OPEC …”

Anwendungsbereich S. 53-65

„… , Political Economic Cartels – An Alternative Approach to the World Oil Market, S. 110 ff.123 J. Schwarze, Der …” „… of U.S. AntitrustLaw to OPEC, 50 American Univ. L. Rev. (2001), S. 1321 (1360 ff.); J. P. Griffin …” „… Unternehmensvereinigung vorliegen. 132 Ausführlich dazu D. G. Goyder, EC Competition Law, S. 78: »It is important, however …”

The Importance of OPEC in the European Market S. 108

„… provisions. Whethercommon principles of EU law, e.g. the principle of loyalty, may help in this situation or …” „… not, mustbe doubted in the light of the enormous economic and political meaning of oil resources and …”

OPEC und das System der internationalen Rohstoffabkommen – Abgrenzung und Begriffsbestimmungen S. 49-50

„… New International Economic Order, 30 The Internationaland Comparative Law Quarterly (1981), S. 745 ff. …”

Ziele und Aufgaben S. 34-35

„… : Two Years ofOperation, 42 Yale Law Journal (1933), S. 702 ff.; G. D. Libecap, The Political Economy of …” „… CrudeOil Cartelization in the United States, 1933-1972, 49 Journal of Economic History (1989), S. 833 ff.;M …”

Weitere zwischenstaatliche Produzentenkartelle und ihr Scheitern S. 50-52

„… New International Economic Order, 30 The Internationaland Comparative Law Quarterly (1981), S. 745 …” „… . I-5457 ff. (Viho); vgl. auch J. Faull/A. Nikpay (eds.), The EC Lawof Competition, Rn. 2.115 m. w …”

Historische Kontexte der OPEC-Gründung – von den »seven sisters« zum Weltoligopol S. 32-34

„… : Two Years ofOperation, 42 Yale Law Journal (1933), S. 702 ff.; G. D. Libecap, The Political Economy of …” „… CrudeOil Cartelization in the United States, 1933-1972, 49 Journal of Economic History (1989), S. 833 ff.;M …”

OPEC Statute S. 133-149

„… necessity of securing a steady income to the producing countries; anefficient, economic and regular supply …” „… years of age.b) A degree from a recognized university in Law, Economics, Science, Engineering or …” „… hydrocarbons and products and theirnon-energy uses;3. analysing economic and financial issues of significant …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845207278

Mark Unger - Das australische Übernahmerecht

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Mark Unger

Das australische Übernahmerecht

Series: Studien zum Handels-, Arbeits- und Wirtschaftsrecht

Volume 122 2008

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Corporate Law Economic Reform Program (CLERP) S. 50-54

„… Gebrauch, so dass es als Folge zu überlangenVerfahrensdauern kam.121F. Corporate Law Economic Reform …” „… wurde das »Corporate Law Economic Reform Program« (CLERP)ins Leben gerufen, um die Effizienz des …” „… mangelnde Unabhängigkeit von ASC siehe Calleja, (1997) 15 C&SLJ 208, 215ff.122 Corporate Law Economic Reform …”

Rechtslage in Australien S. 267-316

„… , Rdnr. 1300ff.; Corporate Law Economic Reform Program, Takeovers, S. 33f.1393 Williams, (1994) 12 C&SLJ …” „… 164; Corporate Law Economic Reform Program, Takeovers,S. 33; vgl. auch Parliament of the Commonwealth …” „… durchzusetzen. Diese Aufgabe war ausschließlich den Gerichten zugewiesen, vgl. Corporate Law Economic …”

Corporations Law S. 48-50

„… Folge zu überlangenVerfahrensdauern kam.121F. Corporate Law Economic Reform Program (CLERP)Mit dem …” „… Regierungswechsel 1996 und im Zuge einer Neuausrichtung der Wirtschaftspolitik wurde das »Corporate Law Economic …” „… mangelnde Unabhängigkeit von ASC siehe Calleja, (1997) 15 C&SLJ 208, 215ff.122 Corporate Law Economic Reform …”

Zusammenfassung und Rechtsvergleich S. 67-70

„… Strategy, Rdnr. 17.5; Levy1, Takeovers – Law and Strategy, S. 159; Corporate Law Economic Reform Program …” „… , Corporate Law Economic Reform Program, Takeovers, S. 35.221 Lipton/Herzberg10, Understanding Company Law, S …” „… Law, S. 488; Steven/Oude-Vrielink,in: Australian Corporation Law, Rdnr. 6.1.005 und 6.1.0020 …”

Allgemeine Grundsätze S. 82-89

„… , Final Report, Empfehlung 87; Corporate Law Economic Reform Program, Takeovers, S. 43ff.; ablehnend …” „… rd ed., Chapter 13, S. 6f.314 Corporate Law Economic Reform Program, Takeovers, S. 11 …” „… sich in Australien aber aus »common law«-Grundsätzen und den in ss 180-184 Corporations Act statuierten …”

Abkürzungsverzeichnis S. 23-28

„… LawCLC Company Law CasesCLERP Corporate Law Economic Reform ProgramCLR Commonwealth Law ReportCO Class …” „… Corporate LawAktG AktiengesetzALJ The Australian Law JournalAll ER All England Law ReportsALR Australian Law …” „… Verbindung mitJ JusticeJBFLP Journal of Banking and Finance Law and Practice JBL Journal of Business LawJZ …”

Allgemeine Einführung S. 29-33

„… australischen Übernahmerechts, die mit dem CorporateLaw Economic Reform Program (CLERP) im Jahr 2000 ihren …” „… Siehe hierzu Hopt, in: Hopt/Wymeersch, European Takeovers – Law and Practice, S. 167ff.,ders., in FS …” „… : Ferrarini/Hopt/Winter/Wymeersch, Reforming Company and TakeoverLaw in Europe, S. 17ff.; Mülbert, in …”

Zusammenfassung und Stellungnahme S. 56-60

„… , (2000) 12 AJCL 1) und der Einführungeines Pflichtangebots (vgl. Corporate Law Economic Reform Program …” „… Company Law, S. 488; Ford, in: Riordan, Laws of Australia, 4.6 Rdnr. 3. 172 In Kraft getreten am 15 Juli …” „… Law, S. 489.159 Zu den Ursachen der geringen Anzahl von öffentlichen Übernahmeangeboten in Deutschland …”

Stellungnahme der Zielgesellschaft S. 183-189

„… Ehricke/Ekkenga/Oechsler/Ekkenga, § 27 Rdnr. 3.893 Sog. »reasonable investor disclosure test«, Corporate Law Economic Reform …” „… LawAssociation 29; Crutchfield/Rado, (1996) 14 C&SLJ 489; Ford/Austin/Ramsay, Ford’sprinciples of corporations …” „… , Rdnr. 1134ff.; Philips, in: AustralianCorporation Practice, Rdnr. 22.190.879 Levy2, Takeovers – Law and …”

Anwendungsbereich S. 76-82

„… Law Economic Reform Program, Takeovers, S. 43ff.; ablehnend Corporations Law SimplificationTask Force …” „… , Takeovers andReconstruction, Rdnr. 305; Ford/Austin/Ramsay, Ford’s principles of corporations law,Rdnr …” „… Acquisitions and Takeovers Acts 1975, Brown, [1989] LawInstitute Journal 596, 597, und unterliegen dem …”

Rechtsvergleich S. 101-108

„… Corporate Law Economic Reform Program, Takeovers, S. 19ff.;Ford/Austin/Ramsay, Ford’s principles of …” „… principles of corporations law, Rdnr. 23.110.410 Ford/Austin/Ramsay, Ford’s principles of corporations law …” „… , Rdnr. 23.040.411 Ford/Austin/Ramsay, Ford’s principles of corporations law, Rdnr. 23.040.102senhandel …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-22

„… of Shares) Code 41D. Der Übernahmeboom der achtziger Jahre 46E. Corporations Law 48F. Corporate Law …” „… Economic Reform Program (CLERP) 50G. Corporations Act 2001 54H. Entwicklung in Zahlen 55I. Zusammenfassung …” „… . Vorbemerkung 230B. Regelung 23119I. Verhaltenspflichten der Verwaltung nach dem »common law« und dem …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 359-384

„… « explained: theCorporate Law Economic Reform Program Act 1999, North Ryde, N.S.W. (CCH Australia) 2000Bayer …” „… Attorneys-general, Second InterimReport, Parliamentary Papers No. 43, 1969Corporate Law Economic Reform Program …” „… of directors’ duties, (1998) 5 Canberra LawReview 203-220Grobys, Marcel, Arbeitsrechtliche Aspekte …”

Rechtsvergleich S. 316-326

„… zu einemGericht geringeren Kosten sein (vgl. Corporate Law Economic Reform Program, Takeovers, S. 37 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845207469

Carolin Holzapfl - Sachaufklärung und Zwangsvollstreckung in Europa

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Carolin Holzapfl

Sachaufklärung und Zwangsvollstreckung in Europa

Series: Nomos Universitätsschriften - Recht

Volume 605 2008

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Aspekte der Economic Analysis of Law S. 157-164

„… aber wesentlich vollständiger als im bisherigen System.579 C. Aspekte der Economic Analysis of Law …” „… wird: Die Economic Analysis of Law ist ein Denkansatz, der vor allem wirtschaftliche Gesichtspunkte in …” „… rechtliche Abwägungen einfließen lässt. I. Grundlagen der Economic Analysis of Law Die Economic Analysis of …”

Diskussionsbeiträge S. 153-157

„… .579 C. Aspekte der Economic Analysis of Law Über den Blickwinkel der deutschen Rechtswissenschaft …” „… werden, der bislang hauptsächlich in den USA bedacht wird: Die Economic Analysis of Law ist ein …” „… . Grundlagen der Economic Analysis of Law Die Economic Analysis of Law ist eine Rechtsschule, die in den USA …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-14

„… des geltenden Rechts 153 II. Reformvorschläge 155 C. Aspekte der Economic Analysis of Law 157 I …” „… . Grundlagen der Economic Analysis of Law 157 II. Anwendung auf die Sachaufklärung 158 1. Methode 159 2 …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 243-249

„… , Charles, „Blackstone’s Civil Practice 2004“, London 2004. Posner, Richard A., „Economic Analysis of Law …” „… , „Zwangsvollstreckungsrecht“, 13. Auflage, Heidelberg 2006. Becker, Gary S. / Stigler, George J., „Law Enforcement …” „… , „Der Zeugenbeweis im Zivilprozeß im common law und im deutschen Recht“, Münster 2000. Eckhoff, Rolf …”

Rechtspolitische Aktualität S. 152-153

„… Kritik und den Anstößen aus der deutschen Wissenschaft (Teil B) sollen hier auch Aspekte der Economic …” „… Analysis of Law einfließen, einem Denkansatz, der in den USA ins Leben gerufen wurde und vor allem dort …”

Rechtsvergleichende Gesamtanalyse S. 139-152

„… (Teil B) sollen hier auch Aspekte der Economic Analysis of Law einfließen, einem Denkansatz, der in den …” „… richterlicher Hand. Der einstweilige Rechtsschutz ist Teil der equity, des neben dem common law stehenden …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845212180

Shira Becker-Alon - The Communitarian Dimension of the European Union's Common Foreign and Security Policy

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Shira Becker-Alon

The Communitarian Dimension of the European Union's Common Foreign and Security Policy

Series: Schriften des Europa-Instituts der Universität des Saarlandes - Rechtswissenschaft

Volume 83 2011

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Economic sanctions in international law S. 204-206

„… . Economic sanctions in international law Most of the sanctions imposed by the EU Member States are sanctions …” „… that the EC must respect international law in the exercising of its powers.898II. Economic sanctions in …” „… 204 Chapter IX: Inter-pillar aspects of European Union (EU) economic sanctionsEconomic sanctions …”

Economic sanctions in the EU legal framework S. 206-208

„… that the EC must respect international law in the exercising of its powers.898II. Economic sanctions in …” „… 206 obligations of the Member States under UN law, the Court of First Instance (CFI) found that the …” „… order, it “would not entail any challenge to the primacy of that resolution in international law”897 and …”

The Community’s express external competences S. 28-33

„… competences. This case law is partially reviewed later in this chapter. IV. The existence of Community …” „… discussion later in this chapter. 28 Environmental policy (Article 174(4) TEC), the area of economic …” „… (Article 133(3) TEC).As discussed later in this work, in Chapters IX and X on economic sanctions and export …”

List of abbreviations S. 16-18

„… Committee for Civilian Aspects of Crisis Management CMLR Common Market Law Report CML Rev Common Market Law …” „… Directorate-General EC European Community ECJ European Court of Justice ECOWAS Economic Community of West African …” „… European Defence Equipment Market EEAS European External Action Service EEC European Economic Community EFA …”

The inter-pillar procedure S. 208-211

„… to be considered as an exception to the rule that Union law has no binding effect on the Community …” „… measures concerning economic relations with third states and include all economic sanctions, whether or not …” „… Community actions imposing economic sanctions under Articles 60 TEC and 301 TEC and the objectives of the …”

Introduction S. 19-24

„… primary form as the European Economic Community (EEC) – which, with the extension of its role in the …” „… world trading bloc2 and a major provider of economic, financial, technical and humanitarian assistance …” „… TEC), which establishes the EC objectives and competences mainly in socio-economic areas (see TEC …”

Involvement of the EC in the ESDP S. 156-167

„… Economic Relations and Politico-Military Affairs (Ehrhart 2005, p. 221). 665 See CIVCOM’s “Recommendations …” „… Community measures”.687 Similarly, in its decision regarding the Union’s European Rule of Law Mission to …” „… Integrated Rule of Law Mission for Iraq, EUJUST LEX (OJ L62/40, 9 March 2005).689 Jünemann 2004, p. 42. As …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-15

„… 204I. Economic sanctions in international law 204II. Economic sanctions in the EU legal framework 206 …” „… in data banks. Under § 54 of the German Copyright Law where copies are made for other than private …” „… doctorate thesis accepted by the Faculty of Law at the University of Saarland in the summer semester of 2010 …”

The legal implications of Article 301 of the TEC for the Commission S. 213-216

„… of decisions made within the framework of the EU law to the framework of EC law.933 In the case of …” „… . Thus, the EU secondary law (Common Positions, Joint Actions and Common Strategies) can not affect the …” „… Community measures for economic and financial sanctions even going beyond those expressly provided for by …”

Bibliography S. 299-312

„… on Economic Sanctions, In: Smit H et al. (eds). Smit & Herzog on the Law of the European Union …” „… Defence Policy?, In: Trybus M, White ND. European Security Law.Oxford University Press, pp. 198–224 …” „… Survey. Yearbook of European Law,pp. 256–258. Nuttall S (1984). European Political Cooperation Annual …”

Justiciability of the imposition of sanctions by the EU and the procedure under Article 301 of the TEC S. 216-218

„… by the Council Regulations and the balance between the economic sanctions they impose and basic …” „… Community sanctions’ practice with international law (C-162/96 Racke v. Hauptzollamt Mainz [1998] ECR I …” „… implemented the economic sanctions (Articles 226 and 227 TEC), may also be subject to the Court’s scrutiny, as …”

Article 301 of the TEC as a possible legal basis for export controls of dual-use goods S. 230-231

„… several occasions Community law provides Member States with the possibility to deviate from the …” „… Community intervention in the economic relations with third countries – that is, 1010 See Opinion 1/78 …” „… under the requirement of being “urgent measures”.1016 Moreover, whereas economic sanctions are imposed …”

Provisions in Community law, authorizing Member States’ unilateral actions regarding export control of dual-use goods S. 231-233

„… necessarily fall under the requirement of being “urgent measures”.1016 Moreover, whereas economic sanctions …” „… CFSP, it can be argued that Article 301 of the TEC is applicable.10183. Provisions in Community law …” „… exportation from the European Economic Community (EEC) to third countries (Article 1), while at the same time …”

The legal personality of the EC S. 25-26

„… into a major economic power (especially as trading partner and donor) and, subsequently, into an …” „… also granted with a legal personality (Article 281 TEC, Ex Article 210 European Economic Community (EEC …” „… vis-à-vis other subjects of law, when, for example, concluding 10 Lasok 2001, p.73. The same applies to the …”

Article 133 of the TEC as a legal basis for export control of dual-use goods: the European Court of Justice (ECJ)’s approach S. 228-230

„… regulate a large part of the trade and economic relations of the Community, along with Article 301 of the …” „… TEC, subject to which economic sanctions are imposed, as export controls may be considered as …” „… consequent disparities in certain sectors of economic relations with non-member countries.1007 The Court …”

The role of different institutions and bodies within the EPC framework S. 60-66

„… provisions in Title III are obligatory under international law was that disputes could be resolved through …” „… the different methods of dispute settlement under international law.1874. The role of different …” „… judicial settlement within international law. 188 On the different bodies involved within the EPC …”

The double function of the Council and its legal implications S. 211-213

„… actual categorical obligation under international law.When it comes to CFSP Decisions on sanctions …” „… the Council bound, then, by its prior Decision at the CFSP level to impose economic sanctions? Or …” „… requirement of consistency can be even regarded as binding under Community law.920 Indeed, the adherence to a …”

The assistance to the countries of Central and Eastern Europe after the collapse of Communism: the shift to financial and economic diplomacy. S. 72-73

„… financial and economic diplomacy. In the examples discussed up to this point, it was hard for the Commission …” „… economic diplomacy”.251The fall of the communist regimes in 1989 launched a series of negotiations towards …” „… economic agreements between the Community and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe as well as the …”

The question of the EU’s legal personality S. 84-85

„… should be addressed. Not qualifying as a State, the natural subject of international law, the ability of …” „… is that they have to be recognized under international law in order for them to have the capacity to …” „… international agreements; to impose economic sanctions; to engage in international relations; and to become a …”

The Court of Justice of the European Union and the justiciability of the CFSP S. 265-268

„… law-enforcement services of a Member State or the exercise of the responsibilities incumbent upon Member States …” „… change the balance between CFSP and other external activities (that is, the economic, environmental and …” „… regard to the CFSP, which would have resulted in the dichotomy between economic and political external …”

Enhanced cooperation S. 83-84

„… State, the natural subject of international law, the ability of the EU to act and operate at the …” „… law in order for them to have the capacity to act (Von Bogdandy 1999, p. 892). An international …” „… , which may include the capacity to enter into international agreements; to impose economic sanctions; to …”

Summary and conclusions S. 283-298

„… European Economic Community (EEC) Member States marked the beginning of the dualism of the European …” „… perceived as mostly handling economic issues. Despite the original intention to keep these two frameworks …” „… be submitted to the Council, together with the Commission. The economic aspect of the ESDP – bearing …”

Is there a Community obligation to finance the CFSP actions? S. 134-136

„… part of the provisions amending the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (EEC),563 …” „… international law, it cannot 564 As advocated in Pechstein & Koenig (2000, p. 63). Yet, a restricted …” „… interpretation of what can be considered as “provisions amending the Treaty establishing the European Economic …”

The threat to terminate the Lomé-Convention with Haiti: pressure on the Commission in European political cooperation to act against the interests of the Community. S. 73-74

„… was entrusted by the Western Economic Summit meeting in July 1989 (the G-7 Summit) with the task of …” „… its Dublin Summit in April 1990, the association agreements that were to follow the trade and economic …” „… distinction between the economic and the political aspects that the Community’s Ostpolitik had previously …”

Joint Actions’ agenda and Community competences and policies S. 190-193

„… (Article 46 TEU), it does not mean that in case of a breach of Community law by Joint Actions, they will be …” „… towards implementing projects in the framework of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS …” „… , 4 December 2004). 836 ECOWAS stands for the “Economic Community of West African States”. 837 C …”

Evaluation of the integrated system S. 236-239

„… of economic sanctions, there was no hierarchy between Council Decision 94/942/CFSP and Council …” „… Regulation (EC) 3381/94 and protect their national export interests, which are essentially of an economic …” „… Subject, however, to the acknowledged exceptions under Community law, which were discussed above. 1045 …”

Article 60 of the TEC S. 218-219

„… the CFSP.959Further, judging from its case law on export control of dual-use goods, the Court is …” „… imposition of economic sanctions by the EU, other provisions of the TEC should also be considered in this …” „… October 2004 concerning the freezing of funds and economic resources of certain persons indicated by 219 …”

Introduction S. 25

„… into a major economic power (especially as trading partner and donor) and, subsequently, into an …” „… also granted with a legal personality (Article 281 TEC, Ex Article 210 European Economic Community (EEC …” „… vis-à-vis other subjects of law, when, for example, concluding 10 Lasok 2001, p.73. The same applies to the …”

The 1960s sanctions against Rhodesia – the origin of the “Rhodesia doctrine” S. 66-68

„… implementation of economic sanctions on third countries by the members of the EEC was conducted individually …” „… under national law on the basis of Article 297 of the TEC (Ex Article 224 EEC Treaty), which allows …” „… . Examples of actions leading to positive measures, such as aid and economic cooperation, can also be found …”

The cross-pillar scope of the Common Strategies S. 180-182

„… issues of democracy, rule of law, stability and security, the CS-Russia also set out as objectives the …” „… economic dimension of cooperation, including supporting Russia in establishing a market economy and in …” „… of bilateral Partnership and Cooperation Agreements (PCAs), regulating political, economic and trade …”

Responsibility for ensuring consistency S. 90-91

„… requirement of consistency should be understood as an unwritten norm of Community law.334 A different view is …” „… of consistency, which is an EU law requirement that commits the Community institutions, if, and only …” „… case, the requirement of consistency does not modify Community law. Rather, it comes into play at the …”

Community law aspects of armament and defence cooperation S. 167-174

„… 167 2. Community law aspects of armament and defence cooperation a. The Community legal framework …” „… allowing the derogation from Community law (Articles 30, 39, 46, 296 and 297) are of a limited character …” „… approach to the economic aspects of security was situated at the margin of the development of the ESDP.725 …”

The addressees of the requirement of consistency S. 89-90

„… an unwritten norm of Community law.334 A different view is suggested by Cremer, according to whom …” „… Article 47 of the TEU represents a specification of the requirement of consistency, which is an EU law …” „… not modify Community law. Rather, it comes into play at the point at which the requirements under …”

Instruments S. 55-56

„… economic aspects of security.1572. Instruments The instruments the SEA provided, through which coordination …” „… . International law aspects versus Community law order The SEA represented a legally binding international …” „… sense of international law, not being granted any Community law elements and characteristics.The …”

The conclusion of Interinstitutional Agreements (IIAs) in the TFEU and their influence on the role of the EP within the CFSP. S. 275-276

„… relevant institutions and it cannot stand in opposition to the EU law in force.1178It is left for the EP …” „… for the interruption or reduction, in part or completely, of economic and financial relations1179 with …” „… the two-stage procedure of Article 301 of the TEC, whereby Decisions on the imposition of economic …”

The principle of subsidiarity S. 27-28

„… – was a response to the wide and expanding scope of Community law-making competence and the increasing …” „… a legal person of public law and to this effect it has the necessary legal capacity to exercise its …” „… of Community competences. This case law is partially reviewed later in this chapter. IV. The …”

The principle of conferred powers S. 26-27

„… – was a response to the wide and expanding scope of Community law-making competence and the increasing …” „… Establishing the European Economic Community (EEC Treaty)) to be relevant and also relating to the external …” „… proceeding to its consequences for the Community’s external relations as a matter of Community law, it can be …”

Adoption of restrictive measures by the EU against third countries S. 276-279

„… opposition to the EU law in force.1178It is left for the EP and the Commission to argue in return that, as …” „… or completely, of economic and financial relations1179 with one or more third countries – the Council …” „… TEC, whereby Decisions on the imposition of economic sanctions within the CFSP were followed by …”

The Commission S. 118-124

„… the need to draw a line between economic issues, on the one hand, and political or security issues on …” „… through reports and paperwork – rarely before the ECJ. In general, it is in areas of economic nature in …” „… that the majority of secondary law adopted under Title V and Title VI originates from Commission …”

Legal basis for CFSP financing S. 132-134

„… effects on EC law from decisions made under EU law.559By financing both CFSP administrative and operative …” „… European Economic Community (EEC),563 Article 28 of the TEU cannot affect the TEC. It seems that 561 …”

The Treaty of Lisbon: the integration of the pillar structure? S. 246-251

„… in Chapter III and in Chapter VIII. 247 act in any form acknowledged by public international law. It …” „… of the “Union law” (Article I-6 TCT),1080 the Lisbon Treaty creates, in principle, a uniform legal …” „… order whereby the entire law of the Union (with the exception of the CFSP and some specific exceptions …”

Common Strategies as a cross-pillar instrument S. 179-180

„… issues of democracy, rule of law, stability and security, the CS-Russia also set out as objectives the …” „… economic dimension of cooperation, including supporting Russia in establishing a market economy and in …”

Binding effect of Common Positions on the Community and its institutions S. 197-198

„… regard are Common Positions imposing economic sanctions or financial sanctions under the procedure of …” „… case of a breach of Community law by a Common Position or in case of an encroachment on Community …”

The 1982 sanctions against the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR): action within the Community after disagreement within the EPC. S. 70-71

„… States’ compliance with EPC economic measures,240 or whether it was merely due to the “pressure of events …” „… within the Community after disagreement within the EPC. In reaction to the imposition of martial law in …”

Scope of CFSP S. 79-81

„… , Article 133(1) TEC. 80Development Cooperation (Title XX TEC)285 and the Economic, Financial and Technical …” „… democracy and the rule of law, and respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms” (Article 11(1), fifth …”

The 1980 sanction against Iran and the question of using EEC instruments as legal basis for European political cooperation S. 68-70

„… as well as ensuring the Member States’ compliance with EPC economic measures,240 or whether it was …” „… EPC. In reaction to the imposition of martial law in Poland, the suggested measures to be taken within …”

The European Commission S. 260-263

„… by the institutions pursuant to them. It shall oversee the application of Union law under the control …” „… Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), along with other international organizations …”

Article 297 of the TEC S. 222-223

„… economic sanctions imposed individually by the Member States under their national laws, following a UN …” „… Security Council Resolution.980The later practice, under which economic sanctions were imposed on the basis …” „… the notion that the bridge constructed between the actions of the Community involving economic …”

Article 296 of the TEC S. 221-222

„… basis for economic sanctions imposed individually by the Member States under their national laws …” „… , following a UN Security Council Resolution.980The later practice, under which economic sanctions were …”

Evaluation of the Community regime of export controls of dual-use items and technology S. 241-243

„… adjustment of the lists to the economic and foreign policy developments, in reality it bears no great …” „… Regulation provides that each Member State is to inform the Commission of the laws, regulations and …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845231198

Eva Kocher, Doris Neuberger, Geraint Howells, Luca Nogler - Sozialer Verbraucherschutz

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Thomas Wilhelmsson Alternative Economic Law: Challenging the Paradigm of Legal Dogmatics S. 115-124

„… Alternative Economic Law:Challenging the Paradigm of Legal DogmaticsThomas WilhelmssonComment on …” „… ) monography Alternatives Wirtschaftsrecht am Beispiel der Verbraucherverschuldung (Alternative Economic Law …” „… legal reasoning are usually described as Alternative Economic Law117operationalizing established general …”

Joseph Spooner Responsible Bankruptcy S. 243-252

„… of obligations in contracts of loan.”13 This strikingly orthodox view of the law’s approach to …” „… /Joint_Submission_with_Prof_Iain_Ramsay_to_Insolvency_Service_Call_for_Evidence_Debt_Relief_Order_access_conditions_and_creditor_bankruptcy_petitions>; Joseph Spooner, Joseph Spooner248Contract law’s primacy over bankruptcy law also means that …” „… this inequality and concealed it behind contract law’s veneer of formal equality,33 under faith that …”

Christian Joerges Where the Law Ends – Why the OMT Controversy is Undecidable S. 327-342

„… Authority" (2007) 8 German Law Journal, 915-928 at 924 ff.18 Joana Mendes, note 10 above.19 “Public Law’s …” „… Where the Law Ends– Why the OMT Controversy is UndecidableChristian JoergesUdo Reifner’s work is …” „… crisis and inspired by the hope that the law might provide protection for the less powerful. This essay …”

Doris Neuberger The Money 1-3 S. 55-66

„… Money - Heuristics or Myth (Reifner 2017b) • Volume 3: Law of Money - Regulation and Justice (Reifner …” „… lie in the nature of human beings is wrong. These have probably only emerged with economic …” „… original goal of economic activity, the quest for good life (Aristotle). Reifner criticises the fact that …”

Geraint Howells The Lost Penny S. 111-114

„… Life Time Contracts and Social Contract LawThe Lost PennyGeraint HowellsComment on: Udo Reifner …” „… , The Lost Penny – Social Contract Law and Market Economy,, published in: From Dissonance to Sense …” „… : Welfare State Expectations and Private Law (ed T. Wilhelmsson and S. Hurri), Ashgate: Dartmouth 2014, p …”

Nick Huls Udo Reifner, marxist or missionary? S. 35-42

„… for a sort of progressive economic analysis of law: ‘If I leave out every activity that does not …” „… the focus on private law was remarkable because left wing legal aid lawyers concentrated on labor and …” „… called Poverty Law in the US describes only this way of facilitating lawsuits. Today I would be more …”

Johanna Niemi Usury – A Forgotten Concept? S. 253-258

„… Laws - A legal and economic Evaluation of Interest Rate Restrictions in the European Union, BoD …” „… lawProtect consumers, standard contracts InstitutionConsumers as (a) group Loss of licence; prohibition of …” „… subtitle of an EU project: ‘A legal and economic Evaluation of Interest Rate Restrictions in the European …”

Publications of Udo Reifner (books in italic) S. 391-413

„… : Schwalbach 2011 S. 9-30 (Financial and Economic Education)(2011) Poverty and Contract Law, in: Reddy, K. V …” „… . 489-507 (‚Economic View’ in Legal Interpretation” in ’linked transactions’ in credit law – A contribution …” „… 044 (uv. Mskrpt) (Protection of the Economic Interest of Consumers with Financial Services – Draft Law …”

Hans W. Micklitz Udo Reifner – standing firm S. 29-34

„… alternative – a d–fferent - economic law, one that is pursuing the social dimension in economic transactions …” „… should not affect the meaning of the law. Consumption was neither a legal nor an economic concept. It was …” „… research at the Hamburg School of Economics and Politics and his 1976 book, The Consumer and the Law.In a …”

Damon Gibbons Responsible Credit in the EU: National Law, the New EU-Directive and Beyond S. 237-242

„… Responsible Credit in the EU:National Law, the New EU-Directive and BeyondDamon GibbonsComment on …” „… : Udo Reifner, Responsible Credit in the EU – National Law, the new EU-Directive and Beyond, in: Delia …” „… , E.P. (ed) Evolving Legislation on Consumer Credit and Trade Practices : Stimulus or Drag on Economic …”

Nuno Manuel Pinto Oliveira Verbraucherschutz und Neo-Liberalismus S. 183-190

„… law is sales law”—“Das EU-Vertragsrecht ist Kaufrecht” [Reifner, U. (2009) p. 3]. The draft directive …” „… to consumer protection law arising from neoliberal politics [Reifner, U. (2009) pp. 3-11 …” „… ]. “Verbraucherschutz und Neo-Liberalismus” focuses on two grand projects of European contract law. The draft directive …”

Luisa Antoniolli Social Contracts in the light of the Common Frame of Reference S. 197-208

„… of social contract lawThis comment starts from a very personal experience: I first met Udo Reifner …” „… commitment to law as an instrument of social change, and his idea of lawyers as professionals that must …” „… European Private Law—Policy Choices and Codification Problems, in Oxford J. Leg. Stud., Vol. 28, 2008, pp …”

Brigitta Lurger Renting a Slave – European Contract Law in the Credit Society S. 171-178

„… Renting a Slave– European Contract Law in the Credit SocietyBrigitta LurgerComment on: Udo Reifner …” „… , Chapter 17 – European Contract Law in the Credit Society (2007) in Wilhelmsson/Paunio/Pohjolainen (eds …” „… ), Private Law and the Many Cultures of Europe, 325-342. In seinem Artikel „Renting a Slave – European …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-18

„… Penny 114Alternative Economic Law:Challenging the Paradigm of Legal Dogmatics 115Thomas …” „… bankruptcy, interest in the law, the European Economic and Monetary Union, economia del debito or usury.(6 …” „… decades of academic work for a social civil law.The book has been produced in two steps. In the first step …”

Olha O. Cherednychenko Financial Supervision and Consumer Protection in the Post-Crisis European Union: An Uneasy Relationship S. 303-310

„… Private Law to Bank Supervision’, E. Buttigieg (ed.), Rights and Remedies for the Consumer in the European …” „… Bank, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, Reinforcing …” „… Private Law, in H.-W. Micklitz (ed.), The Many Concepts of Social Justice in European Private Law, (Edward …”

Christoph U. Schmid Principles of Social Contract Law and Residential Tenancy Law S. 141-152

„… Principles of Social Contract Law and Residential Tenancy LawChristoph U. SchmidComment on: Luca …” „… contract law, civil lawyers view labour law mostly as an exemption or even a bad example for rational …” „… politically but not by the law itself. Ulrich Zachert was an exponent of trade union lawyering, believing that …”

Christine Riefa Consumer Education and Information Rights in Financial Services S. 345-360

„… ’ 12, 2 Information & Communication Technology Law, 2003, 125-142. In their article, Udo Reifner and …” „… his co-author wondered whether law can contribute to financial education. In particular, they …” „… knowledge of Roman law I have gained, violin rehearsals I had the chance to be privy to, the meals and good …”

Die Autorinnen und Autoren S. 387-390

„… , DeutschlandMicklitz, Hans W., Professor for Economic Law at the European University Institute, Florence …” „… Law and Comparative Law at the University of Groningen, NiederlandeDönch, Daniel, M.Sc., Lehrstuhl für …” „… , Fakultät für Soziologie, DeutschlandHowells, Geraint, Professor of Commercial Law, Law School at City …”

Rafael Encinas de Muñagorri Social Contract Law through Labour Law? S. 163-170

„… Social Contract Law through Labour Law?Rafael Encinas de MuñagorriComment on: Luca Nogler, Social …” „… Contract Law through Labour Law? in Udo Reifner/L. Nogler (Hrsg.), Life Time Contracts. Social Longterm …” „… droit de l’Union européenne : mettre l’accent, à partir d’une culture issue des droits de common law …”

Giovanni Ferri The Regulatory/Supervisory Implications of a Socially Responsible Finance S. 311-316

„… Report pp 17-79; Micro-Credit by Non-Banks under Italian Bank Law pp 289-308).2. Reifner, Udo and Evers …” „… adequate protective private law such as the Consumer Credit Directive and usury legislation.The report …” „… via non-banks should be permissible by law and the additional costs in terms of risks, education …”

Alan White Sovereign Debt and Human Rights S. 259-268

„… Presidency, it turned this law into hundreds of amendments, allocating the second reading to a newly elected …” „… been introduced in 1980 through case-law. Plenty data about the situation before and afterwards was …” „… needed information regarding how they were designed and how they functioned in national law. We had not …”

Alessandro Somma Biopolitica ed economia del debito S. 231-236

„… ), Reshaping Markets. Economic Governance, the Global Financial Crisis and Liberal Utopia, Cambridge, Cambridge …” „… Insolvency Law Review, 2012, p. 1 ss.9 V. T. Mahmud, Is it Greek or déjà vu all over again? Neoliberalism and …” „… Winners and Losers of International Debt Crises, in 52 Loyola University Chicago Law Journal, 2011, p. 629 …”

Reinhold Hedtke Mehr Finanzbildung und weniger Regulatorik! S. 361-372

„… an economic or legal duty, but rather a moral duty, to pay it back in time. The individual relation …” „… as a yard stick for PISA-studies and similar approaches, it would reveal that bankers, bank lawyers …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748914648

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