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Sebastian Lohsse, Reiner Schulze, Dirk Staudenmayer - Trading Data in the Digital Economy: Legal Concepts and Tools

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Sebastian Lohsse (ed.), Reiner Schulze (ed.), Dirk Staudenmayer (ed.)

Trading Data in the Digital Economy: Legal Concepts and Tools

2017

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Tanya Aplin Trading Data in the Digital Economy: Trade Secrets Perspective S. 59-72

„… 59 Trading Data in the Digital Economy: Trade Secrets Perspective Tanya Aplin I. Introduction …” „… Communication (n 5) 9. 11 ibid 11–12. Trading Data in the Digital Economy: Trade Secrets Perspective 61 on …” „… legal framework for a data economy in the European Digital Single Market: rights to use data’ (2016 …”

Sebastian Lohsse, Reiner Schulze, Dirk Staudenmayer Trading Data in the Digital Economy: Legal Concepts and Tools S. 11-24

„… Introduction 13 Trading Data in the Digital Economy: Legal Concepts and Tools Sebastian Lohsse …” „… , one has to bear in mind that speaking about the ‘Digital Economy’ does not merely mean to refer to a …” „… Münster Colloquia on EU Law and the Digital Economy is to discuss how EU law should react to the …”

Josef Drexl the Future EU Legal Framework for the Digital Economy: A Competition-based Response to the ‘Ownership and Access’ Debate S. 221-244

„… 221 Contractual Concepts 223 On the Future EU Legal Framework for the Digital Economy: A …” „… the digital economy are no longer limited to electronic commerce, search engines and social platforms …” „… ____________________ legal framework for a data economy in the European Digital Single Market, rights to use data’ (2016 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… Trading Data in the Digital Economy: Legal Concepts and Tools Sebastian Lohsse/Reiner Schulze/Dirk …” „… Staudenmayer (eds.) Münster Colloquia on EU Law and the Digital Economy III Nomos Sebastian Lohsse/Reiner …” „… Schulze/Dirk Staudenmayer (eds.) Trading Data in the Digital Economy: Legal Concepts and Tools Münster …”

Judita Dolžan Trading in Data: A Policy Perspective S. 305-322

„… this knowledge could deliver them a competitive advantage in the digital economy.3 Especially retail …” „… the increased competitiveness of the economy and better conditions for digital business.29 They also …” „… (hereinafter ‘Data Economy SWS’). 35 Digital Europe’s Initial View on Building the European Data Economy …”

P. Bernt Hugenholtz Data Property in the System of Intellectual Property Law: Welcome Guest or Misfit? S. 73-100

„… – a new property right for the digital economy?’ (2016) GRUR Int. 878. P. Bernt Hugenholtz 80 ket …” „… that there are generally too few incentives for producing and analyzing data in the digital economy’21 …” „… trade in digital data’ JRC Digital Economy Working Paper 2017-01. 26 Data Economy SWD (n 4). 27 …”

Wolfgang Kerber Rights on Data: The EU Communication ‘Building a European Data Economy’ from an Economic Perspective S. 109-134

„… framework of markets in the EU have to be adapted to the new conditions of the digital economy, in which …” „… that many of the produced data in the digital economy are not shared and (re)used enough. In that …” „… data-driven economy’ COM(2014) 442 final and ‘A Digital Single Market Strategy for Europe’ COM(2015) 192 …”

Rolf H. Weber Improvement of Data Economy through Compulsory Licences? S. 135-158

„… given form;14 now, the new environment of the digital economy and the on-going producer’s right …” „… the digital economy.20 As a consequence, in the recent Communication of 10 January 2017, the …” „… activities), such an approach should not play the role of a main instrument in the digital economy. In …”

Francesco Mezzanotte Access to Data: The Role of Consent and the Licensing Scheme S. 159-188

„… . Introduction ‘Maximising the growth potential of the digital economy’ is one of the key pillars of the …” „… in the business models of the digital economy, appears still of some relevance on theoretical and …” „… Secret Protection and the Mobility of Employees in the Digital Economy’ (2016) GRUR Int. 1121, 1122 …”

Ruth Janal Fishing for an Agreement: Data Access and the Notion of Contract S. 271-292

„… digital economy are challenging our traditional notion of contract. No one put this better to paper than …” „… The exchange of data is paramount to the digital economy and to the Internet of Things. Data may be …” „… consideration in the non-digital economy,12 then enabling the other party to collect data should certainly …”

Matthias Leistner Big Data and the EU Database Directive 96/9/EC: Current Law and Potential for Reform S. 25-58

„… Directive’s1 sui generis right for database makers for the European data economy has been characterized by …” „… Datenwirtschaft im digitalen Binnenmarkt’ (2015) GRUR 1151, 1157; Wiebe, ‘Schutz von Maschinendaten durch das …” „… ‘Staff Working Document on the free flow of data and emerging issues of the European data economy’ SWD …”

Christiane Wendehorst Elephants in the Room and Paper Tigers: How to Reconcile Data Protection and the Data Economy S. 327-356

„… Economy Christiane Wendehorst I. Introduction On 10 January 2017, the European Commission published …” „… another package of documents within its Digital Single Market strategy. Among them is a Communication on …” „… the ‘Building of a European data economy’1, accompanied by a Staff Working Document2 and a public …”

Friedrich Graf von Westphalen Contracts with Big Data: The End of the Traditional Contract Concept? S. 245-270

„… industrial data – a new property right for the digital economy?’ (2016) GRUR Int 877, 881 et seq …” „… ? How the Digital Revolution Affects (Contract) Law’ in De Franceschi (ed.), European Contract Law and …” „… the Digital Single Market (Intersentia 2016) 21, 31 et seq. 2 The questions to be raised and …”

Julia Reda Learning from Past Mistakes: Similarities in the European Commission’s Justifications of the Sui Generis Database Right and the Data Producers’ Right S. 293-304

„… . Introduction In its communication entitled Building a European Data Economy1 from January 2017, the European …” „… introduced by the Database ____________________ 1 European Commission, ‘Building a European Data Economy …” „… ’ COM(2017) 9 final (hereinafter ‘Data Economy Communication’). 2 Consultation on building the …”

Heiko Willems Trading in Data: An Industry Perspective S. 323-326

„… trade in data, to boost the economy, and to perhaps create new business models by allowing access to …” „… with a simple example from the non-digital world: if I had a recipe for a new type of cake that I …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845288185

Angelos Kornilakis - The Contractual Networks of Digital Commons

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Angelos Kornilakis

The Contractual Networks of Digital Commons

Series: The Regulation of Digital Technologies

Volume 1 2024

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4. Digital Economy S. 85-92

„… 4. Digital EconomyThe digital revolution, initiated by the theoretical work of Alan Turing270and …” „… ), 84.4. Digital Economy86tually, the line between workers and suppliers or producers, as well as …” „… . Digital Economy87latter being for the needs of our discussion the point where the autonomousteams create a …”

1. Introduction S. 15-26

„… led furthermore to the development ofthe “Network Enterprise” of digital economy. This is an …” „… organizational structure of small-scale en‐trepreneurial networks of the digital economy operating under a …” „… equality for egalitarian cooperative schemes.Chapter 4 offers a brief introduction into digital economy. It …”

Bibliography S. 207-224

„… , Produc‐tivity, Inequality and the Digital Economy – A Transatlantic Perspective. Cambridge,Massachusetts/ London …” „… .), Understandingthe Digital Economy. Cambridge, Massachusetts/ London, England: The MIT Press:325–351.Castells M (2000 …” „… : Emergence, Structure andAgency. Cambridge: CUP.Elder-Vass D (2016) Profit and Gift in the Digital Economy …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-14

„… economy and especially of digital commons. In all theseyears, our discussions have been a source of …” „… commons3.1.1 62Public goods and cooperation3.2 63Distributive justice and cooperation3.3 81Digital Economy …” „… the Knowledge EconomyCass Cour de Cassation – French High CourtCass com Cour de Cassation chambre …”

7.2 Legal Structure S. 144-180

„… single legalperson but follow the pattern of the Network Enterprise of digital economy,which is based on …” „… novelty of digital economy, let alone digital com‐mons. As already noted, modes of economic organization …” „… put up for sale tothe highest bidder532.Steward ownership is not an innovation of digital economy, let …”

8. Conclusions S. 187-206

„… presented in the chapter on digital economy. More to the point,enhanced communication capabilities …” „… 8. ConclusionsThe digital commons of our case studies present an entrepreneurial orga‐nizational …” „… Exchange Firms, are part ofthe three pillars of digital commons, which are the For Benefit …”

3.1 Commons, common pool resources and common property regimes S. 53-62

„… markets as the sole organizational forms of an economy.The rejection of markets as organizational …” „… ) monitoring, conflictresolution and enforcement130.This picture approaches to an extent the case of digital …” „… goods. In the case of entrepreneurial digital commons,which are the subject of this research, the …”

Index S. 225-228

„… , 144digital economy 18, 23, 85-92, 176discrete alignment 128, 141, 195distributions 23, 41, 81-84, 110 …” „… Production (CBPP) 19, 60-61, 98, 101-102, 122, 167, 184 - digital s. digital commons - open access 55 …” „… , 141 225desert 81, 84digital commons 18-19, 46, 55, 57, 60,93-103, 128-129, 131, 146, 152-155, 159,165, 171 …”

7.1 System and network analysis S. 127-143

„… digital economy on the other, both cases being characterized as aform of economic organization that lies …” „… growing body of litera‐ture from the fields of organizational studies and institutional economics.Digital …” „… practices that evolved as part ofthe social economy on the one hand and of the “Network Enterprise”of the …”

3.2 Public goods and cooperation S. 63-80

„… entity radicallydifferent from its typical counterparts in mainstream economy.It is also interesting …” „… provision in the case of our digital commons isalso partially achieved through the sale of by-products, to …” „… democratic and egalitarian governance mode adoptedby digital commons. In intermediate groups, the individual …”

2.1 A new paradigm S. 27-41

„… Web or the economy. It focuses onthe study of complex systems and aims to describe and understand …” „… interest. For our purposes, those elements are not only theindividuals participating in digital commons and …” „… receive a differen‐tiated value. In the case of digital commons, one could argue that thenumber of the …”

6.2 Sensorica S. 116-126

„… digital com‐mons, Sensorica has a Productive Community, a Commons Oriented En‐trepreneurial Coalition and …” „… the Knowledge Economy) that actsas the custodian of the network and holds the assets of the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748915904

C. Fritz Foley, David Wessel - Global Goliaths

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C. Fritz Foley (ed.), David Wessel (ed.), James R. Hines

Global Goliaths

2021

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Multinationals in the Digital Economy S. 337-360

„… 3379Multi nationals in the Digital EconomyBENJAMIN EDELMANModern digital services largely come from …” „… 338 3/4/21 10:39 AM Multi nationals in the Digital Economy 339were available. American reported that …” „… nationals in the Digital Economy 341come and how quickly. The figures reveal a pronounced shift from …”

Index S. 555-0

„… , behavioral, 260, 262–263, 268, 289–290economy, digital. See information tech-nologyeducation, 245–246, 248 …” „… , 340–341, 340b, 344t, 345f, 346t; digital economy, 337; digital revolution and MNCs, 337–340; dominance of …” „… structures, 37; digital economy and, 337–359; domestic firms versus, 183–226, 516–519; effects on wages …”

Multinational Activity in the Modern World S. 1-32

„… do they conduct R&D, and why? Does the rise of the digital economy allow multi nationals to dominate …” „… that the digital economy is more centralized than might have been expected. Successful firms, such as …” „… . economy’s growth and health” and are responsible for more than 40 percent of all the gains in U.S. labor …”

Preface

„… the Digital Economy 337Benjamin Edelman 10 Tax Avoidance and Multinational Firm Behavior 361Scott Dyreng and …” „… Center for undertaking a fact-based study of one of the most important forces in the global economy—the …” „… the global economy—and yet, assertion and anecdote continue to guide too much of our policy …”

Principles for Policymakers S. 537-546

„… can be severe, even if more than offset by gains elsewhere in the economy.The solutions involve …” „… rapidly changing economy.The pain borne by individuals, families, and entire communities is reason enough …” „… the evolving global economy. Trade and investment disputes should be resolved more quickly. Trade …”

The New Global Invention Machine: A Look Inside the R&D Networks of U.S. Multinationals S. 299-336

„… global economy’s most pressing challenges— the significant and persistent slowdown in productivity growth …” „… Japan.This combination of developed- economy technological experience and emerging- market talent appears to …” „… sophisticated ways.16 Advances in microprocessors were complemented by advances in sensors and digital control …”

Tax Avoidance and Multinational Firm Behavior S. 361-436

„… economy. In figure 10- 1, panel B plots cash taxes paid divided by U.S. gross domestic product (GDP …” „… other domestic tax changes) designed to stimulate the economy and encourage investment such as bonus …”

doi.org/10.5771/9780815738565

Hendrik Schulze - Exploring the Uncharted Waters of European Competition Law 4.0

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Hendrik Schulze

Exploring the Uncharted Waters of European Competition Law 4.0

Series: Schriftenreihe des Zentrums für Europäische Rechtspolitik der Universität Bremen (ZERP)

Volume 81 2021

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B. Big data and the digital economy S. 20-40

„… Big data and the digital economy Both big data and the characteristics of the digital economy have …” „… data is of such importance within the digital platform economy that it even shows similarities to a …” „… common definition, it is often characterized in the digital economy by four “V”s: volume, variety …”

A. Introduction S. 13-19

„… witnessing a “digital gold rush”. The digital economy and especially the internet are expanding on a daily …” „… become a core asset for companies in the digital economy and its economic value is expected to increase …” „… that many companies in the digital economy have data-driven business models and strategies for which …”

I. The classification of online platforms like Facebook as a natural monopoly sui generis and the problems arising from it S. 134-152

„… law. Especially in the digital (platform) economy, monopoly tendencies are a common phenomenon …” „… problems resulting from natural monopolies in the digital (platform) economy will be elaborated (more under …” „… https://shorensteincenter.org/the-right-way-to-regulate-digital-platforms/ (last accessed: 11/11/19); see also with regard to this phenomenon in the platform economy in …”

J. Final conclusion and future prospects S. 153-158

„… lies in the fact that not only does personal data constitute a key input in the digital economy for …” „… important parameters of competition in the digital (platform) economy. This has to be taken into account in …” „… digital economy and can no longer be considered as clearly distinct. Quite the contrary: It has been shown …”

F. The interplay between big data and data protection considerations and Art. 102 TFEU in order to regulate “platform power” – the Bundeskartellamt`s Facebook case in the context of European competiti... S. 86-121

„… provisions in the digital (platform) economy. It has to be mentioned that this would not be the first time …” „… constitutes an important parameter of competition in today`s digital economy. Therefore, it is only consistent …” „… data and its importance for the digital economy”. 319 See Podszun/de Toma, NJW 2016, 2987 (2992). I …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-12

„… Structure and methodologyIII. 17 Big data and the digital economyB. 20 Big data and its importance for the …” „… digital economyI. 20 The digital (platform) economy and its characteristicsII. 23 The term “online …” „… platform”1. 23 Characteristics of the digital platform economy2. 25 Personal data as consideration in the …”

C. Overview of the core legal framework S. 41-55

„… digital economy and the special features of personal data in this context. The foregoing info should help …” „… , can be applied to cope with the new legal challenges that the digital platform economy raises. The …” „… , para. 21. 41 inter-state trade.116117 In the context of the digital economy, the crucial elements of …”

Bibliography S. 159-178

„… – Bericht der Kommission Wettbewerbsrecht 4.0“ (= A New Competition Framework for the Digital Economy …” „… 20/09/19). International Monetary Fund, “Measuring the Digital Economy“, Policy Paper, April 5, 2018 …” „… -measuring-the-digital-economy (last accessed: 27/03/20). Irish Data Protection Commissioner, Facebook Ireland Ltd. Report of …”

E. The Facebook case of the Bundeskartellamt S. 70-85

„… acknowledged the complex relationships between the market power of companies in the digital (platform) economy …” „… significance in the digital economy, which is to a large extent based on the fact that Art. 20 GDPR does not …” „… that there is no “commonly used format” in the digital economy yet (see von Lewinski, in: BeckOK …”

D. The relation between data protection and competition law S. 56-69

„… competition law concerns. This is particularly obvious in the digital economy as recent developments such as …” „… advantage. Almunia had stated that due to the value of data in the digital economy, it may become a …” „… law An approach to competition law assessments in the digital (platform) economy, by which data …”

G. Competence and expertise of competition authorities to enforce compliance with data protection law through competition law sanctions S. 122-128

„… dominant undertakings within the digital (platform) economy can result in a relevant harm to competition …” „… importance for the digital economy“. 457 See for instance Körber, NZKart 2019, 187 (194); Dietrich, “Will das …” „… , too. The German legislator thereby acknowledged that in the digital economy in particular, data and …”

H. The immanence of data processing by online platforms – an extension of the so-called “Immanenztheorie” to Art. 102 TFEU S. 129-133

„… competence and means to regulate dominant data-driven undertakings in the digital (platform) economy. In the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748921370

Gerrit Frotscher, Vera de Hesselle - Comparison of Brazilian and German Tax Systems

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Gerrit Frotscher (ed.), Vera de Hesselle (ed.)

Comparison of Brazilian and German Tax Systems

Series: Schriften des Interdisziplinären Zentrums für Internationales Finanz- und Steuerwesen - International Tax Institute - der Universität Hamburg

Volume 54 2024

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Alberto Macedo, Melina Rocha, Antonio Alcoforado, Michel Braun, Charles McNaughton, Peter Scheller, Cristiane Pires McNaughton, Raquel Vieira Mendes, Daniel de Paiva Gomes, Renato Nunes, Eduardo de Paiva Gomes, Thiago Silva, Ivan Ozai, Tobias Tiemann, José Eduardo de Paula Saran Chapter V: Taxation of the Digital Economy S. 217-268

„… Chapter V: Taxation of the Digital EconomyAlberto Macedo, Melina Rocha, Antonio Alcoforado, Michel …” „… licensor.2.1.3. Permanent Establishments and Digital EconomyThe term “permanent establishment” has been …” „… de Paula Saran1. Introduction 2182. German Taxation Issues Relating to the Digital Economy 2192.1 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-12

„… EconomyChapter V: 217Tax and EnvironmentChapter VI: 269Fiscal FederalismChapter VII: 321Tax LitigationChapter …” „… ) allocation of tax revenues; (d) taxation of digital goods and services inthe absence of global standard; (e …” „… more connected, and with “tradi‐tional” businesses being replaced by digital/remote business. A …”

Andréa Mascitto, Maria do Rosário Esteves, Bernadette Mai, Marco A. V. Teixeira, Catarina Cortizo, Nicole Ganson, Hélio Hilário, Paulo Rosenblatt, José Roberto, Odilo Sossoloti, Karin Gramberg, Roberto Savino, Larissa Almeida, Tiago Slalov, Luisa Alencar, Valério Pimenta de Morais, Luis Roberto Peroba, Viviane Ferreira Chapter VIII: Tax Litigation S. 375-423

„… Economy’s divi‐sion responsible for the judgment of appeals filed by taxpayers to challenge tax assess‐ment …” „… alladministrative procedures adapt to digital platforms and develop new toolsgeared to improve trial proceedings …” „… objectivity and consistency in the application of tax legislation;1 Sistema Público de Escrituração Digital …”

Ana Marcia Silva Pinheiro Royo, Eduardo de Paiva Gomes, André Felix Ricotta de Oliveria, Marta Castelon, Andréia Fogaca Rodrigues Maricato, Michelle Huber, Carsten Schmidt, Mirlles Humberto Ruben Luneta, Celia Maria de Souza Murphy, Richard Lebro, Daniel de Paiva Gomes, Sebastian Stephan Hoffmann Chapter III Transfer prices S. 127-178

„… . On theone hand, Brazil’s economy is, at least when talking about exports, stronglyfocused on …”

Melina Rocha, Mirko Wolfgang Brill, Peter Scheller Chapter IV: Consumption taxes in Germany and in Brazil S. 179-216

„… services to non-taxable persons (B2C). These rules are of majorsignificance for the digital economy.If a …” „… ) is "a cumula‐tive tax, which induces an inefficient organization of the economy, damagesthe …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748940197

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