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Klaus Heine, Oliver Budzinski - Wettbewerb, Recht und Wirtschaftspolitik

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Klaus Heine (ed.), Oliver Budzinski (ed.)

Wettbewerb, Recht und Wirtschaftspolitik

Series: Wettbewerb und Regulierung von Märkten und Unternehmen

Volume 62 2024

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Daniel Gill, Karsten K. Zolna, Diane Asobo Data Sharing for Collective Interests – Moving Beyond Exclusive Control S. 225-240

„… individual benefits of data sharing are uncertain (e.g., data sharingfor public sector services, research etc …” „… Data Sharing for Collective Interests– Moving Beyond Exclusive ControlDaniel Gill, Karsten K. Zolna …” „… Act (DA)),2 seems to accept this exclusive control and pro‐vides data access and sharing rights that …”

Martina Eckardt Data Commons and the EU Data Act S. 241-258

„… takes the new rights adopted with the DA on access, useand sharing of non-personal data that are …” „… , capacity-building and sharing”.6 In more detail,they acknowledge that legal provisions are necessary to make data …” „… . Manufacturers/data holderscan oppose sharing data by arguing that trade secrets are involved. To whatextent this will …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-6

„… verlorenen Zeit 211Daniel Gill, Karsten K. Zolna & Diane AsoboData Sharing for Collective Interests– Moving …” „… bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.deISBN 978-3-7560-1736-2 (Print …” „… ) 978-3-7489-4393-8 (ePDF)British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication DataA catalogue record for this book is available …”

Publikationsverzeichnis Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Kerber S. 331-349

„… (Hrsg.), Re‐gelsetzung im Privatrecht, Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2019, 59-93.32. Data-sharing in IoT …” „… : https://www.networklawreview.org/kerber-dynamic-competition/.48. Data Act and Competition: An Ambivalent Relationship, in: Concur‐rences, Vol. 20 (1), 2023 …” „… , 30-36.47. The German Facebook Case: The Law and Economics of the Relation‐ship between Competition and Data …”

Justus Haucap, Joel Stiebale Nicht-Preisliche Wettbewerbseffekte von Unternehmenszusammenschlüssen S. 23-72

„… , künstliche Intelligenz, Analytik und Big Data ermöglichthaben. Die Autoren argumentieren, dass solche …” „… von Big Data in Verbindung mit Netzwerkeffekten,Marktzutrittsschranken für Wettbewerber schaffen kann …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748943938

Dieter Drohmann, Matthew Townsend - REACH

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Dieter Drohmann (ed.), Matthew Townsend (ed.)

REACH

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2013

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. DATA SHARING IN THE SIEF S. 204-227

„… regarding data sharing,including costs,10 and in issuing non-binding guidance.116 Registrants of both …” „… ) pre-registration of phase-in substances, inquiries, data sharing,joint submission of data, notification to the …” „… achieved by means of data sharing.Annex XI however sets out a raft of measures designed to waive certain …”

. FORMATION AND OPERATION OF CONSORTIA S. 228-273

„… stakeholders meetings when REACH Implantation Project on Data Sharing(Guidance on data sharing) was being …” „… launch REACH consortia code ofconduct; REACH Implantation Project on Data Sharing (Guidance on data …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685. Data sharing …”

Index S. 572-581

„… )5 66 et seq.data sharing 6 20 et seq.Confidentiality claims– confidentiality flagging 3 112 …” „… 7 27– corporate entity 7 20– cost sharing 7 76 et seq.; see also Cost sharing– data sharing 7 69 …” „… ; see also Data sharing– deed 7 180– differences to SIEF 7 31– dispute resolution 7 107– disputes 7 139 …”

. JOINT SUBMISSION S. 186-203

„… cost-sharing formula isparticularly disadvantageous to some members, making the costs of data sharingexcessive …” „… would be more motivated to secure data cost sharing and the creation of theregistration dossier that he …” „… in line with the data submission manuals provided byECHA.] To ensure that data sharing runs smoothly …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-31

„… ). ...................................................................... 155Chapter 6. Data Sharing in the SIEF (Edwards …” „… Annex 2. Example of Letter of Access for Data Sharing …” „… .............................................................................................................. 172Chapter 6. DATA SHARING IN THE SIEF …”

. REGISTRATION OF SUBSTANCES S. 84-137

„… Letter of Access for Data Sharing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179Annex 3. Example of ECHA Invoice …” „… (animal)-data sharing in those cases,where another dossier had been submitted for the same substance already …” „… the socalled collective route (see Chapter 3.3.3 of ECHA Guidance on Data Sharing), alldata and …”

. LEGAL ACTIONS AND APPEALS S. 502-525

„… the sharing of data involving tests on vertebrate animalswithin SIEFs;* dossier evaluation.4 The Board …” „… required to perform testing within a SIEF; or* Data holders, in relation to ECHA decisions on data sharing …” „… of data sharing disputes for instance.3151The competent jurisdictions and applicable procedural rules …”

. A BUSINESS STRATEGY FOR ENTERPRISES – A PRACTITIONER’S VIEWPOINT – S. 548-571

„… tests and data required for the registration). But REACHhas one factor which differentiates it from any …” „… opportunity also to small companies to more easily register;– the data which were already been developed by …” „… business.Definitely it is more than a treat if not taken seriously: no data, no registration, nobusiness in the EU in …”

. STATUS OF NON-COMMUNITY MANUFACTURERS AND THE ONLY REPRESENTATIVE S. 138-185

„… participants in the data sharing process theidentity of the NCM he is representing. However, it is important to …” „… these tasks would include.8* Negotiating in good faith data sharing costs with data holders.* Joint …” „… SIEFand to be able to negotiate on cost sharing for test work or to value data held by thesupplier or …”

. ENFORCEMENT S. 526-547

„… instance,with regard to the sharing of data involving tests (Art. 30).II. Supply Chain18Suppliers of substances …” „… , if no safety data sheet is required forthe substance in question, provide the recipient with certain …” „… monitor progress and (5)review, on the basis of such data, the enforcement strategy.30The Forum has …”

. AUTHORISATIONS AND RESTRICTIONS S. 474-501

„… phase such as decisions on data sharing anddecisions rejecting a registration as incomplete and, on the …”

. SCOPE OF REACH S. 44-83

„… facility orfacilities sharing certain infrastructures and services.203 ECHA, Guidance on waste and …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845259147

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Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz (ed.), Max-Planck-Institut für Innovation und Wettbewerb (ed.)

Data Access, Consumer Interests and Public Welfare

2021

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Christian Reimsbach-Kounatze Enhancing access to and sharing of data: Striking the balance between openness and control over data S. 25-68

„… On the need for additional access rights Enhancing access to and sharing of data: Striking the …” „… analytic company, for over USD 2 billion in 2015. 5 OECD, Enhancing Access to and Sharing of Data …” „… data, data access and data sharing (data access and sharing), including the commercialisation of data …”

Heiko Richter The law and policy of government access to private sector data (‘B2G data sharing’) S. 529-572

„… The law and policy of government access to private sector data (‘B2G data sharing’) Heiko Richter …” „… numérique of 7 October 2016 (‘Loi Lemaire’). 529 data sharing in 2017.3 After delivering its ‘data package …” „… ’ of 2018,4 the Commission appointed an expert group on B2G data sharing, which issued its final report …”

Bertin Martens Data access, consumer interests and social welfare – An economic perspective on data S. 69-102

„… model in data collection markets is to offer originators a free service in return for sharing their …” „… , accessed on 31 August 2020. 4 Business-to-government data sharing initiatives in several …” „… Commission, ‘Towards a European Strategy on Business-to-Government Data Sharing for the Public Interest …”

Wolfgang Kerber From (horizontal and sectoral) data access solutions towards data governance systems S. 439-476

„… competition. This has led to a broad policy discussion about more data access and data-sharing.1 From an …” „… – in addition to facilitating voluntary data-sharing between firms and opening public sector data – it …” „… might be necessary also to have mandatory solutions for access to (or sharing of) data sets that are …”

Heike Schweitzer, Robert Welker A legal framework for access to data – A competition policy perspective S. 103-154

„… (government-to-business (G2B) data sharing),10 data sharing between companies (B2B data sharing) shall be promoted.11 The …” „… voluntary data sharing, but to complement it with an EU regulatory framework – potentially including data …” „… , Alexandre de Streel, Inge Graef and others, ‘Business-to-Business Data Sharing: An Economic and Legal …”

Josef Drexl Data access as a means to promote consumer interests and public welfare – An introduction S. 11-24

„… the proposal of a ‘Data Act’ for 2021 that seeks to promote data sharing and could include, among …” „… final, 12–14 (on ‘business-to-government data sharing’); Commission Staff Working Document of 25 April …” „… 2018, ‘Guidance on sharing private sector data in the European data economy’ SWD(2018) 125 final. Josef …”

Michael Grünberger Data access rules: The role of contractual unfairness control of (consumer) contracts S. 253-286

„… economy share the opinion that it still is too early for horizontal legislation on data sharing in …” „… outlined the possibility of a Data Act in 2021 to provide incentives for horizontal data sharing between …” „… freedom of contract and voluntary data sharing.39 Access to data should be made compulsory only on a …”

Josef Drexl Connected devices – An unfair competition law approach to data access rights of users S. 477-528

„… convenience. The well-functioning of the device may also require data sharing with other devices, such as in …” „… data access requires real-time data sharing. IV. Josef Drexl 486 Data access rights as an element of …” „… data governance Data access and sharing will keep markets open and maintain incentives for digital …”

Jörg Hoffmann Safeguarding innovation in the framework of sector-specific data access regimes: The case of digital payment services S. 343-400

„… access and sharing are enormous.1 Data-driven innovations have already transformed multiple sectors in …” „… debate of further strengthening consumer data rights, particularly in a B2B context, data sharing of …” „… privately A. 1 According to one of the most recent studies conducted by the OECD, data access and sharing …”

Axel Metzger Access to and porting of data under contract law: Consumer protection rules and market-based principles S. 287-318

„… instruments defining principles on data-sharing between businesses (B2B) and between businesses and …” „… governmental authorities (B2G) and describing different models of data sharing with a number of examples.43 The …” „… Commission Staff Working Document, ‘Guidance on sharing private sector data in the European data economy’ SWD …”

Christine Lambrecht Special Address of the Federal Minister of Justice and Consumer Protection S. 7-10

„… Enhancing access to and sharing of data: Striking the balance between openness and control over data 27 …” „… access to private sector data (‘B2G data sharing’) 529 Heiko Richter Contributors 573 Contents 10 …” „… topic of the 2019 Consumer Law Conference – ‘Data access, consumer interests and public welfare’ – is a …”

Ruth Janal Data portability under the GDPR: A blueprint for access rights? S. 319-342

„… basis of data-sharing agreements.13 However, there is no common ground as to which connecting factors …” „… which has a data-sharing agreement with a machine builder. If the GDPR’s model was copied, this business …” „… should any kind of contract suffice? Or is a distinction warranted between data-sharing agreements …”

Matthias Leistner The existing European IP rights system and the data economy – An overview with particular focus on data access and portability S. 209-252

„… /unlocking_digital_competition_furman_review_web.pdf> accessed 31 August 2020; Heiko Richter and Peter R. Slowinski, ‘The Data Sharing Economy: On the …” „… European Commission Staff Working Document, ‘Guidance on sharing private sector data in the European data …” „… , ‘Towards a common European data space’ (n. 7) with European Commission SWD, ‘Guidance on sharing private …”

Louisa Specht-Riemenschneider Data access rights – A comparative perspective S. 401-438

„… Protection Bureau, ‘Consumer Protection Principles: Consumer-Authorized Financial Data Sharing and …” „… : Consumer-Authorized Financial Data Sharing and Aggregation’ (2017) Data access …” „… Data access rights – A comparative perspective Louisa Specht-Riemenschneider Introduction From data …”

Indra Spiecker genannt Döhmann The legal framework for access to data from a data protection viewpoint – especially under the GDPR S. 175-208

„… implemented, whether solidarity concepts require a sharing of data, especially in health care provision, how …” „… division of data is not reacting strongly to this: We are generous in sharing data and making available the …” „… The legal framework for access to data from a data protection viewpoint – especially under the GDPR …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748924999

Hartmut Aden - Police Cooperation in the European Union under the Treaty of Lisbon

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Hartmut Aden (ed.)

Police Cooperation in the European Union under the Treaty of Lisbon

Series: Schriftenreihe des Arbeitskreises Europäische Integration e.V.

Volume 83 2015

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Hartmut Aden Police information sharing and data protection in the European Union before and after the Treaty of Lisbon S. 207-216

„… information sharing and data protection in the European Union before and after the Treaty of Lisbon Hartmut …” „… research question underlying this chapter is how far the framework for police information sharing and data …” „… interconnection between the domestic police IT system and the SIS. Police information sharing and data protection …”

Mario Gruschinske, Nathalie Hirschmann, Laura Füger Effective cross-border knowledge sharing between police forces – the German-Polish Police and Customs Cooperation Centre (PCCC) S. 177-188

„… aims at providing details on how police forces practice efficient knowledge sharing. The data presented …” „… sharing. Incompatible systems and processes regarding police data systems, bureaucratic complexity and the …” „… 177 Effective cross-border knowledge sharing between police forces – the German-Polish Police and …”

Hartmut Aden Police cooperation in the EU before and after the Treaty of Lisbon – continuity and innovation S. 15-22

„… before and after the Treaty of Lisbon 19 4. Information sharing and data protection as core issues for …” „… framework for police information sharing in the EU, including data protection, the discussion of the draft …” „… : Information Sharing and Data Protection in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice. Towards Harmonised Data …”

Jan Philipp Albrech EU police cooperation and information sharing: more influence for the European Parliament? S. 223-234

„… . Data protection is not an obstacle but a precondition for better information sharing between police and …” „… 223 EU police cooperation and information sharing: more influence for the European Parliament? Jan …” „… US Terrorist Financing Tracking Program (TFTP) for the analyses of SWIFT bank data, it became obvious …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-14

„… Lisbon 207 Hartmut Aden Police information sharing and data protection in the European Union before and …” „… Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.deISBN …” „… 9783848708437 (Print) 9783845250281 (ePDF)British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication DataA catalogue record …”

Gertjan Boulet, Paul De Hert Cooperation between the private sector and law enforcement agencies: an area in between legal regulations S. 245-258

„… Document=EN&file=79050 (17.1.2014)). Boehm, Franziska, 2012: Information Sharing and Data Protection in the Area of …” „… a, 6, 10). At the international level, the following documents envisage more information sharing …” „… by the Ad-hoc sub-group on jurisdiction and transborder access to data of the Council of Europe …”

Peter Schaar, Karsten Behn Conflicts between data protection harmonisation and a high level of protection: shortcomings of the European Commission’s proposal for a Police and Justice Directive S. 217-222

„… 2005): the sharing of personal data by law enforcement authorities within the European Union unhampered …” „… 217 Conflicts between data protection harmonisation and a high level of protection: shortcomings of …” „… title of this paper suggests that there is a conflict between a high level of data protection and the …”

Monica den Boer Police professionalism in the European Union S. 99-118

„… several curricula at national police academies. Moreover, the emphasis on knowledge-sharing and best …” „… is not centred around data analysis but on accountability, legitimacy, and innovation, along with …” „… Commission 2012), which have included a variety of instruments to promote information sharing and knowledge …”

Contributors S. 259-264

„… multi-level governance in the fields of policing and internal security, data protection, environmental policy …” „… 2012, Jan Philipp Albrecht is rapporteur of the European Parliament for the data protection regulation …” „… Albrecht has committed himself to the Greens in different fields since 1999. By his engagement for data …”

Funda Tekin Differentiated integration: ever more relevant for police cooperation after the Treaty of Lisbon? S. 81-98

„… Member States in principle acknowledged the benefits of pooling and sharing data in order to combat …” „… cooperation as well as pooling and sharing of information within an increasingly supranationalised framework …” „… crime, terrorism and illegal migration. In this context pooling and sharing of information and …”

Cyrille Fijnaut Revolution or evolution through the Treaty of Lisbon: police cooperation in Europe in a broader historical context S. 23-48

„… information-sharing methods about persons. During the conference, agreements were made concerning the joint …” „… services and operational units played a leading role. The working parties focused on information-sharing …” „… cooperation will be organised, i.e. through a Union-wide system for information-sharing within a European …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845250281

Federal Constitutional Court - Decisions of the Federal Constitutional Court

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Federal Constitutional Court (ed.)

Decisions of the Federal Constitutional Court

2022

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32. BVerfGE 27, 344 - Divorce Files - sharing personal data in disciplinary proceedings (1970) S. 410-414

43. BVerfGE 133, 277 - Counter-Terrorism Database Act I - sharing of data between police and intelligence services in a joint security database (2013) S. 648-683

„… , statutory provisions that allow for data sharing between police authorities and intelli-gence services are …” „… separation of police and intelligencedata that only permits such data sharing in exceptional cases.3. Where a …” „… further action. The legislative aim is neither to facilitate the general sharing of personal data among …”

45. BVerfGE 154, 152 - Surveillance of Foreign Telecommunications* - Federal Intelligence Service’s powers to intercept communications of foreigners abroad (2020) S. 734-783

„… protection of the core of private life and deletion requirements.6. Sharing personal data stemming from …” „… decisions.The sharing of personal data requires a formal decision by the Federal Intelli-gence Service and must …” „… any indication that data sharing could jeopardise an individual affected by it, an assessment of …”

44. BVerfGE 141, 220 - The Federal Criminal Police Office Act - counter-terrorism surveillance powers (2016) S. 684-733

„… constitutional requirements for the use and sharing of data collected by the state are informed by the principles …” „… to the new purpose. 3. The sharing of data with foreign state authorities is subject to the general …” „… sentence of the Federal Criminal Police Office Act or data sharing pursuant to § 20v(5) and § 14(1) of the …”

37. BVerfGE 100, 313 - The Article 10 Act - telecommunications surveillance by intelligence services (1999) S. 477-504

„… sufficiently counteracted by the design of the statutory powers concerning data analysis and sharing.No. 37 …” „… legislate on the interception, use and sharing of telecommunications data by the Federal Intelligence …” „… , compatible with Article 10 of the Basic Law.6. The sharing of personal data obtained through …”

6. BVerfGE 65, 1 - Census - informational self-determination and modern data processing (1983) S. 63-90

„… the individual against the unlimited collection, storage, useand sharing of their personal data. This …” „… ) violate the general right of personality. However, the sharing of data for scientific purposes (§ 9(4) of …” „… and disclosure of their personal data. […](2) The sharing of individual data between persons and …”

39. BVerfGE 115, 320 - Profiling - electronic databases for profiling and searches (2006) S. 528-555

„… unlimited collection, storage, use or sharing of personal data that is individualised or that can otherwise …” „… the sharing of the requested data constitutes an interference, given that it provides the basis for …” „… them a potential target of state surveillancemeasures.In the case at hand, the sharing of data must be …”

INTRODUCTORY REMARKS S. 10-22

„… availability, recording and sharing of personal data. To begin with, the Court emphasises that the general …” „… sharing of their personal data. In particular, this serves to prevent a ‘chilling effect’: it could impair …” „… sharing of personal data as each constituting separate (new) interferences with self-determination. Thus …”

Contents/Introduction

„… ) 376Data Protection and Virtual Identity32. BVerfGE 27, 344 Divorce Files - sharing personal data in …” „… Surveillance Revision Act (2011) 60643. BVerfGE 133, 277 Counter-Terrorism Database Act I - sharing of data …” „… storage in data banks. Under § 54 of the German Copyright Law where copies are made for other than private …”

9. BVerfGE 78, 77 - Public Announcement of Legal Incapacitation (1988) S. 116-121

„… legal incapacitation is merely a special form of data sharing by the state. The effect of the …” „… of the Federal Court of Justice, data protection officers and the German Head Office for Addiction …” „… on the disclosure and use of their personal data (right to informational self-determination – cf …”

38. BVerfGE 115, 166 - Telecommunications Surveillance - covert investigation of a judge (2006) S. 505-527

„… of 2 March 20062 BvR 2099/041. Telecommunications traffic data stored within the domain controlled by …” „… constitutional requirements, also with regard to the securing and seizing of data storage devices and the data …” „… manner that is recognisable for the affected persons, the purposes for which collected data may be used …”

41. BVerfGE 125, 260 - Data Retention - service providers’ obligation to retain telecommunications traffic data (2010) S. 587-627

„… data be clearly limited to specific purposes also applies to any subsequent sharingNo. 41 – Data …” „… consequence, the legislator may only provide for the sharing of telecommunications traffic data [obtained …” „… sharing the data (cf. BVerfGE 100, 313 <395 and 396> – The Article 10 Act). Here, the required purpose …”

34. BVerfGE 113, 29 - Seizure of Electronic Data - search warrant for entirety of law firm’s hardware and files (2005) S. 423-436

„… , storage, use and sharing of their personal data. This protection is part of the fundamental right under …” „… No. 34BVerfGE 113, 29 – Seizure of Electronic DataHEADNOTESto the Order of the Second Senate of 12 …” „… seizure of data storage devices and of the data stored on them as evidence in criminal proceedings.2. When …”

26. BVerfGE 109, 279 - Surveillance of Private Homes - inviolable core of private life (2004) S. 329-359

„… governing data sharing, the provisions on the destructionof data in § 100d(4) third sentence, § 100b(6) of …” „… the Federal Government, the Government of the Free State of Bavaria, the Federal Data Protection …” „… Officer, the Data Protection Officers of the Länder Berlin, Brandenburg, Bremen, Hamburg, Hesse …”

42. BVerfGE 129, 208 - The Telecommunications Surveillance Revision Act (2011) S. 628-647

„… was collected, it must be deleted without undue delay; any sharing or use of this data must be ruled …” „… that under the new legal framework, they have reason to fear that their data will be accessed by the …” „… criminal law, in particular by the specified range of punishment (cf. BVerfGE 125, 260 <329> – Data …”

31. BVerfGE 103, 21 - DNA Fingerprinting - databases of DNA profiles (2000) S. 398-409

„… or sharing of personal data that is individualised or that can otherwise be attributed to them as …” „… Federal Criminal Police Office Act provides that the blocking of data must be ordered, in the individual …” „… case, if it is established that knowledge of the data is no longer necessary for the Federal Criminal …”

35. BVerfGE 152, 152 - Right to Be Forgotten I* - name searches in online press archives (2019) S. 437-459

„… protected against the unlimited collection, storage, use and sharing of their personal data. This …” „… and manner in which their data is accessible to and can be used by others, thus affording the …” „… natural persons with respect to the processing of personal data. Art. 9 of Directive 95/46/EC entitled …”

40. BVerfGE 120, 274 - Remote Searches - covert searches of private computers (2008) S. 556-586

„… was collected, it must be deleted without undue delay. Any sharing or use of this data must be ruled …” „… for the purposes of monitoring the use of the system and extracting data stored on its storage media …” „… , or analysing data thus obtained, the interference must be measured against Article 10(1) of the Basic …”

Appendix - Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany S. 784-893

„… information and communications, for the criminal police and for the compilation of data for purposes of …” „… regulate the sharing of costs.(3) The Länder may also agree on the joint operation of information …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748930006

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