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Matthew Hoch - A Dictionary for the Modern Singer

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Matthew Hoch

A Dictionary for the Modern Singer

2014

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APPENDIX A: IPA Vowel Chart, Consonant Chart, and Symbol Chart S. 239-242

„… APPENDIX AIPA Vowel Chart, Consonant Chart, and Symbol Chart239*VOWEL CHART The IPA symbols with …” „… ]. CHART DESCRIPTION: The front vowels are on the left side of the chart, the back vowels are on the right …” „… side of the chart, and the mixed vowels are at the top and bottom (the arrows indicate vowel mixing …”

APPENDIX C: Fach Chart S. 247-248

„… APPENDIX CFach Chart247The following chart is intended to clarify the various Fächer as outlined by …” „… teachers, and industry professionals.Table AC.1. Fach ChartFach Translation Role Opera ComposerSoubrette NA …” „… (1918) Puccini(continued)16_503_Hoch.indb 247 8/2/16 9:49 AM248 • Appendix CTable AC.1. Fach Chart …”

Preface

„… Edwards 231AppendixesAppendix A IPA Vowel Chart, Consonant Chart, and Symbol Chart 239Appendix B Anatomy …” „… Diagrams 243Appendix C Fach Chart 247Appendix D Bel Canto: A Definition 249Appendix E A History of Singing …” „… Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) charts that appear in appendix A of this book. They are printed here with her …”

THE DICTIONARY S. 3-206

Bibliography S. 285-300

„… , Berton. Overtones of Bel Canto: Phonetic Basis of Artistic Singing with 100 Chromatic Vowel-Chart …” „… Technique with Chromatic Vowel Chart, 2nd ed. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 1987.Dayme, Maribeth. Dynamics of …”

Coping with Musical Performance Anxiety S. 223-230

„… charts in terms of anxiety levels. Antihistamines (Vis-tril, Atarax, etc.) may occasionally be considered …”

APPENDIX L: Medications and Their Effects on the Voice S. 265-284

„… created with the aid of an experienced pharmacist and voice scientists of NCVS. The chart is provided as …”

Professional Organizations for Singers S. 301-304

„… chartered by the Congress of the United States and is the only music organization member of the United …”

doi.org/10.5771/9780810886568

Beate Schneider, Stefan Weinacht - Musikwirtschaft und Medien

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Beate Schneider (ed.), Stefan Weinacht (ed.)

Musikwirtschaft und Medien

Series: Praxisforum Medienmanagement

Volume 7 2007

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Ulrike Altig Die media control Charts S. 163-172

„… Fachzeitschriften Musikmarkt und Musikwoche (seit 1993) wurde 1977 die offizielle Chart-Ermittlung gestartet. Die …” „… gespielt wird. Beides ist verkaufs- und popularitätsfördernd. 3 Chart-Ermittlung In die Charts gehen …” „… . 3.3 Die Absatzwege Wie eingangs erwähnt, resultiert die Chart-Ermittlung aus einem Drei …”

Johannes Cordes Artist-And-Repertoire, Majorlabels und Musikmanagement S. 35-50

„… wird, hängt in Deutschland mit der Chart-Ermittlung zusammen. Dabei werden die CD-Verkäufe von montags …” „… , wie ein Song in die Charts kommt und welche Rolle der Produktmanager und der …” „… hat der Anteil an nationalem Repertoire in den deutschen Album Charts stark zugenommen. Der Erfolg …”

Johannes Cordes Indies im Aufwind? S. 51-74

„… wird, hängt in Deutschland mit der Chart-Ermittlung zusammen. Dabei werden die CD-Verkäufe von montags …” „… , wie ein Song in die Charts kommt und welche Rolle der Produktmanager und der …” „… hat der Anteil an nationalem Repertoire in den deutschen Album Charts stark zugenommen. Der Erfolg …”

Magnus von Zitzewitz Musikvermarktung im Fernsehen S. 239-248

„… häufige Einsatz der Titel in der Sendung bzw. in den Kampagnen führt oftmals zu Chart-Erfolgen. Ein …” „… eine Chart- Platzierung und werden erst hiernach im Radio gespielt. Radio ist heute mehr ein …” „… nach Serienstart erreichte der Song Platz 1 der Charts. 4.6 Unterlegungen Im Gegensatz zu …”

Vito C Eine Bandgeschichte im Spiegel der Medien S. 17-26

„… die meisten Metal-Bands nur mit Alben Erfolge in den Musik-Charts verbuchen konnten, entzündete sich …” „… Bruck, der es in den Hörer-Charts des Erlanger Lokalradios Radio Downtown bis auf den ersten Platz …” „… 20.000-mal, obwohl keine Werbung für das Album betrieben wird. 3.2 Die Chart Promotion Im Jahr 1996 …”

Achim Köller Concertbooking S. 199-212

„… ). Deutschland-Österreich-Schweiz agierende Künstler. Merkmale dieser Künstler sind Chart-Erfolge, Rotationen bei den Musiksendern …” „… Merkmalen zählt, dass sie weltweit „auf dem Sprung“ sind, in Deutschland schon hohe Chart …”

Manfred Schütz, Kurt Erping Herstellung und Distribution S. 85-96

„… beispielsweise werden die Billboard Charts als Single Charts veröffentlicht – viele CDs sind im Handel jedoch …” „… überhaupt nicht erhältlich. Damit ist das Zustandekommen dieser Charts fragwürdig und intransparent für den …” „… in den Top Ten vertreten oder aber wichtige Anwärter auf die ersten Plätze der Charts sind. Für den …”

nach einem Vortrag von Martin Schaefer Urheberrecht in der Musikwirtschaft S. 131-148

„… eine tägliche Überbeanspruchung von Chart-Titeln bei gleichzeitiger Missachtung von Neuerscheinungen …” „… das Rückgrat des gesamten Musikgeschäftes. Hat es ein Song überhaupt weit in den Charts geschafft …” „… solche Kopplungen sind nie so aufgebaut, dass sich darauf ein Abbild der Charts befindet, andernfalls …”

Mareile Seifert Arbeitsbereiche des Musik-Marketing S. 75-84

„… Clip-Strecken (z. B. Chart-Shows) und Dokumentationen gehören, wurde immer weiter eingeschränkt. Dagegen …” „… Konzentration auf die Platzierung der Musik in den Charts (also auf die Hitqualität) statt, was sich auch in …” „… der Ausstrahlung von Chart-Shows niederschlägt; MTV konzentriert sich stärker auf den Künstler und …”

Hartmut Spiesecke Der Musikmarkt und die Aufgaben der Deutschen Phonoverbände S. 111-122

„… offiziellen deutschen Charts, dem wichtigsten Gradmesser für Musik, die vom Publikum gemochte wird. Die …” „… Radio orientiert sich an den Charts. Was unter den Top 100 ist, hat wesentlich bessere Chancen ins …” „… Radio zu gelangen, als ein Titel, der nicht in den Charts ist. Vor zwanzig Jahren war es ganz anders …”

Manfred Teubner Musik-Shows im Fernsehen S. 213-226

„… zehn Wochen lang auf dem ersten Plätzen verweilte. Wenn man die heutigen Charts betrachtet – obwohl …” „… Musik-Show sehen. Bei den Hitparaden bzw. Charts gab es im Zusammenhang mit der Ausdifferenzierung in den …” „… letzten Jahren tatsächlich eine Novität: die Ringtone-Charts. Eine neue Ausformung des musikalischen …”

Stefan Weinacht, Beate Schneider Kooperation und Konkurrenz. S. 7-16

„… massenmediale Plattform für die Chart Stars und das Massenpublikum ebenso wie Plattformen für die kleineren …” „… , S. & Seegel, M. (2006). Charts als Steuerungselement des Musikmarkts – Der medienökonomische Nutzen …”

Lars Peters Radio und Musik S. 249-266

„… Reihenfolge ihrer Bedeutung, Hörerwünsche, Airplay Charts, deutsche und internationale Single Charts …” „… . Zitzewitz, M. von (1996). Mit Marketing in die Charts. Die Bedeutung der Kommunikationspolitik für den …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-6

„… ........................................................................ 147 von Kay Spreckelsen Die media control Charts …”

Holger Schramm Wirkungen von Musik S. 267-306

„… Geschäftsführerin auf. Seit 1995 ist sie Geschäftsführerin von Chart Radio, des ersten lizenzierten Internet-Radios …” „… Schröders oder Spectacoolär hohe Chart-Platzierungen und nationale sowie internationale Auszeichnungen …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845216218

Gary J. Schmitt, Cheryl Miller - Trendsetting Charter Schools

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Gary J. Schmitt (ed.), Cheryl Miller (ed.)

Trendsetting Charter Schools

2015

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CHAPTER 5. Making Americans: UNO Charter Schools and Civic Education S. 109-134

„… 109CHAPTER 5Making AmericansUNO Charter Schools and Civic EducationDAVID FEITHOn a mid-September …” „… Rangel, CEO of the UNO Charter School Network, with a purposeful mix of pride and exas-peration. Pride …” „… THE UNO MISSIONThe UNO Charter School Network includes 13 schools serving some 6,500 students across …”

CHAPTER 1. Charter Schools as Nation Builders Democracy Prep and Civic Education S. 13-38

„… -charter-schools.2. Seth Andrew, “Strengthening the Civic Mission of Charter Schools,” remarks, American Enterprise …” „… ’ Role in Cities,” Education Week, June 9, 2011, www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2011/06/09/35charter.h30.html …” „… 13CHAPTER 1Charter Schools as Nation BuildersDemocracy Prep and Civic EducationDANIEL LAUTZENHEISER …”

CHAPTER 3. Creating Capital Citizens: César Chávez Public Charter Schools for Public Policy and Civic Education S. 61-84

„… 61CHAPTER 3Creating Capital CitizensCésar Chávez Public Charter Schools for Public Policy and Civic …” „… Charter Schools for Public Policy campus on 12th Street Southeast in Washington, DC, 11 blocks east of the …” „… Washington; and the Capital City Public Charter School. No schools from the District of Columbia Public …”

Conclusion S. 157-174

„… education. Other charters—particu-larly the achievement-oriented, “no-excuses” schools—take a differ-ent …” „… the American political system. As public schools of choice, charter schools are freed from many rules …” „… flexibility, charter schools must define a clear mission and performance outcomes for themselves. In service …”

Introduction S. 1-12

„… , http://blogs.edweek.org/edweek/rick_hess_straight_up/2011/05/charter_schooling_citizenship.html.14_645-Schmitt.indb 11 2/24/15 6:43 AM14_645 …” „… charter schools.ENTER CHARTER SCHOOLSCharter schools are public schools that, in exchange for greater …” „… example, charter schools are often allowed to have a longer school day or year or hire non-union teachers …”

Preface

„… Trendsetting Charter Schools14_645-Schmitt.indb i 2/24/15 6:43 AMNew Frontiers in …” „… Jerry Jesness (2010)Taking Measure of Charter Schools: Better Assessments, Better Policymaking, Better …” „… : How Schools Can Overcome Urban Challenges, Nancy Brown Diggs (2013)Trendsetting Charter Schools …”

CHAPTER 4. In Service of Citizenship: YES Prep Public Schools and Civic Education S. 85-108

„… as a single independent charter school in 1998 to its current network of 10 campuses for grades six …” „… service to the community.YES Prep is often compared to another “no-excuses” network of charter schools …” „… TFA, compared to 17 percent of tradi-tional public school social studies teachers.2) Both charter …”

CHAPTER 2. Counting on Character: National Heritage Academies and Civic Education S. 39-60

„… , indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.”A National Heritage Academies (NHA) charter school, Ridge Park …” „… honor examples of virtue.Like other charter schools, NHA promises parents to teach a rigor-ous …” „… Heritage Academies, a for-profit charter management com-pany, runs 74 schools in Michigan and eight other …”

Index S. 175-178

„… Campbell, David, 2, 159, 169César Chávez Public Charter Schools for Public Policy, 5–6, 8, 61–84, 160, 163 …” „… ” competition, 61–66, 83Chicago Teachers Union, 127charter schools: assimilation and national attachment, 9, 164 …” „… , Curiosity, and the Hidden Power of Character, 43Huizenga, J. C., 7, 41Knapp Charter Academy, 48Knowledge is …”

About the Contributors S. 181-182

„… Entrepreneurship Program, on the Boards of Directors of the National Association of Charter School Authorizers, and …” „… subjects ranging from charter schooling, to digital learning, to higher education innovation, with his work …”

CHAPTER 6. Being Part of a People: Ridgeview Classical Schools and Civic Education S. 135-156

„… their progress in each virtue, turn in a weekly virtue chart, and periodically discuss their progress …” „… charter school in Fort Collins, Colorado. The name is plural because it contains an elementary, middle …” „… students are nonwhite. Like all Colo-rado public charter schools, there are no admissions requirements, and …”

doi.org/10.5771/9781475815399

Eleni Trova, Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris - The Olympic Games of the European Union

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Eleni Trova, Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris

The Olympic Games of the European Union

2011

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Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic Charter S. 83-85

„… CharterThe?Olympic?Charter111 …” „… Olympic?Movement.?It?is?the?Olympic?Charter?that?regulates?the?Olympic?Gamesits?acceptance?is?necessary?for?the?undertaking?of?the?organization?of?the?Olympicsby?each?hosting?city.?The?observance?of?the?Olympic?Charter …” „… ?is?the?constitutional?charter …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Olympic Charter and tolerance S. 117

„… Olympic Charter and …” „… ,?via?the?host?city?contract?the?organizing?state?is?bound?to?followthe?Olympic?Charter,?questioning?arises?about?up?to?which?extent?the?national?legalorder?is?bound?to?follow?these?provisions.233Therefore,?according?to?the?Olympic?Charter …” „… ).?Also,?the?national?governments?of?the?country?of?thehosting?city?must?guarantee?that?the?state?and?its?public?authorities?will?comply?withthe?Olympic?Charter?(article?34,?par.3).234 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Olympic Charter and Human Rights S. 112-113

„… ConstitutionThe?Olympic?Charter?is?the?supreme?constitutional?charter?of?the?Olympic?Movement?and?regulates?the?relations?of?its?members.?Prima?facie?the?Olympic?Charterhas …” „… Charter and Human …” „… RightsThe?above?arguments?do?not?negate?the?general?questioning?about?the?protectionof?human?rights?as?a?Olympic?Charter …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic Charter and the Greek legislation S. 212-213

„… CharterIn?the?framework?of?the?Greek?law,?it?should?be?accepted?that?the?provisions?of?theOlympic?Charter?and?the?Olympic?Charter?itself?were?a?legal?source,?according?tothe?Greek?Constitution? in? force,? and? have? exclusively? the? effect? of …” „… vely?to?be?bound?bythem,?considering?the?associative?self-commitment?that?governs?their?relations.?Theother?protagonists?of?an?Olympiad,?apart?from?the?members?of?the?Olympic?Movement,?are?governed?by?the?positive?law?of?the?host?country?and?by?the?Host?CityContract,?which?is?perceived?as?a?private?law?contract.The Olympic Charter and the Greek …” „… legislationReferences?to?the?Olympic?Charter?have?been?included?in?enactments?of?the?Greeklegislature?after?the?undertaking?of?the?Olympic?Games.?Law?2598/1998?‘Organization?of?the?Olympic?Games?–?Athens?2004 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Host City Contract and the Olympic Charter S. 90-95

„… CharterAccording?to?article?37.8 …” „… ?of?the?Olympic?Charter …” „… o?respect?the?Olympic?Charter?guaranteeing?for?that?appositely.?The?Olympic?Charter …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The dialectic relation between the Olympic Charter and the legal order of the Host City – The legal nature of the Olympic Charter S. 213-216

„… CharterIn?the?framework?of?the?Greek?law,?it?should?be?accepted?that?the?provisions?of?theOlympic?Charter?and?the?Olympic?Charter?itself?were?a?legal?source,?according?tothe?Greek?Constitution? in? force,? and? have? exclusively? the? effect? of …” „… ?into?the?positive?law.?This?procedure?is?chosen?by?the?legal?order,?as?befitting?the?fulfilment?of?obligations?emanating?from?the?Host?City?Contract.?However,?given?the?fact?that?there?is?not?some?kind?of?juridical?decision?resolving?theissue,?the?above?consideration?remains?theoretical.Whether?the?Olympic?Charter?is?a?legal?source?has?not?been?decided?by?the?Greekjurisprudence.?Nor?has?been?decided?the?effect?of?the?rules?of?the?Olympic?Charterin …” „… It?also?secures?the?lack?of?contradistinction?between?the?rules?of?the?positive?nationallaw?and?the?rules?of?the?Olympic?Charter …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Host City Contract of Athens and the Olympic Charter S. 209-211

„… The Host City Contract of Athens and the Olympic CharterThe?Olympic?organization?of?2004 …” „… ,?which?bearsall?the?aforementioned?attributes.The?Host?City?Contract?of?Athens?specified?in?article?60?which?version?of?theOlympic?Charter?was?binding?the?parties.?That?version?was?the?one?of?the …” „… ?by?making?the?IOC?conversant?with?the?conditions?of?environment?protection?and?to?respect?the?fair?play?and?the?rules?of?the?Olympic?Charter …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sustainable development according to the Olympic Charter and the Host City Contract S. 114-117

„… .222Sustainable development according to the Olympic Charter and the Host …” „… ?of?the?Olympic?Charter …” „… ff.,?epitomizing?the?vision?of?the?Enlightenment?as?regards?the?happiness?of?one?andall,?as?follows:?‘Est-il?une?jouissance?plus?douce?que?de?voir?un?peuple?entier?se?livrer?à?lajoie?un?jour?de?fête,?et?tous?les?coeurs?s’épanouir?aux?rayons?expansifs?du?plaisir?qui?passerapidement,?mais?vivement,?à?travers?les?nuages?de?la?vie?’116Olympic Charter and …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The consequences of the effect of the rules of the Olympic Charter for the Host City Contract and its relation with the legislation of the host country S. 216-217

„… ?Charter?and?treating?an?issue?that?bearson?State?action,?public?interest,?or?violating?Community?and?constitutional?rules,will?not?be?deemed?binding.?Given?that?the?Olympic?Charter?incorporates?regulations?that?affect?the?Constitution?and?the?Community?law,?its?interpretation?will?bedealt?with?in?the?following?chapter.The Olympic games of 2004 under …” „… lympic?Charter?or?other?rules?related?to?the?Olympic?Games,should?be?viewed?as?pertaining?to?sport?as?a?whole,?which?is?safeguarded?by?theprovision?of?article?16.9?of?the?Constitution?and?in?the?interest?of?which,?the?Statehas?the?obligation?to?provide?fo …” „… or?them?to?be?reviewed?andannulled.?Otherwise?it?should?be?required?to?explore?their?relation?with?the?Constitution?in?force.To?recapitulate,?the?Olympic?Charter …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The legislative delineation of the principles of the Olympic Charter and consequences thereof. The concept of the Sporting Spirit, of sports traditions and of the Olympic Ideal and fair play S. 71-73

„… ? ofSeptember?events?of?high?rating?like?the?Olympics?and?susceptible?to?terroristicinterest?constitute?a?field?of?validation?among?disclosed?and?undisclosed?powers.The legislative delineation of the principles of the Olympic Charter andconsequences thereof. The …” „… playThe?Olympic?Charter?adopts?a?series?of?principles?and?axioms?of?ethical?content.Such?a?basic?principle?is?that?of?fair?play.?In?view?of?adhering?to?principles?of?ethicalnature,?the?Olympic?Charter?has?established?an?Ethics?Commission83,?whose?mission …” „… ?is?to?develop?the?ethical?principles,?including?a?Code?of?Ethics,?which?is?basedon?the?values?and?principles?of?the?Olympic?Charter.?In?addition,?the?Ethics?Commission?investigates?complaints?raised?in?relation?to?the?non-respect?of?such?ethicalprinciples,? including?breaches?of? the?Code?of?Ethics,?and …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Olympism S. 82-83

„… CharterThe?Olympic?Charter111 …” „… wledged?above?pertaining?the?truce?regulation.OlympismOlympism?is?the?ideological?basis?of?the?Olympic?Charter?as?well?as?its?theoreticalbackground.?As?a?concept?it?refers?to?the?content?of?the?fundamental?principles?ofthe?Olympic?Charter …” „… ?promote?the?world?peace.?Thus,?high?ideals?are?promoted?without?anykind?of?discrimination?or?limitation.?This?philosophical?approach?is?stamped?on?theOlympic?Charter?in?detail.?The?Olympic?Movement?is?governed?by?the?OlympicCharter?that?has? to?treat?with?respect?anyone?that?claims?to?be?a?member?of?the82 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Host City Contract and Olympic Games-the penetration of the Olympic Movement Rules in the national legal orders S. 88-90

„… CharterAccording?to?article?37.8 …” „… Olympic?Charter.121? In?case …” „… ? the?constitution?or?legislation?in?force?of?a?countryhampers?the?autonomy?of?its?NOC,?the?IOC?executive?board,?apart?from?the?othersanctions?provided?by?the?Charter?may?suspend?or?withdraw?the?recognition?fromthat?NOC.122Therefore,?it?is?obvious?that?the …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… The?rules?of?the?Olympic?Movement?and?the?state?rules 80The?Olympic?Movement 80Olympism 82The?Olympic?Charter 83The?Olympic?Games 85 …” „… The?connection?of?the?rules?of?the?Olympic?Movement?with?the?HostCity?and?hence?with?the?legal?order?of?the?country?that?hosts?theOlympic?Games 90The?Host?City?Contract?and?the?Olympic?Charter 90 …” „… The?competitive?relationship?among?the?Olympic?Movement?rules?andthe?state?rules?and?the?institutional?balancing?of?each?OlympicOrganization 110Olympic?Charter?and?Human?Rights 112The?Olympic?Movement?Rules?and?the?Constitution 113 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The influence of the rules of the Olympic Movement on the legislation of the host country S. 211-212

„… clusively?to?be?bound?bythem,?considering?the?associative?self-commitment?that?governs?their?relations.?Theother?protagonists?of?an?Olympiad,?apart?from?the?members?of?the?Olympic?Movement,?are?governed?by?the?positive?law?of?the?host?country?and?by?the?Host?CityContract,?which?is?perceived?as?a?private?law?contract.The Olympic Charter and the Greek …” „… legislationReferences?to?the?Olympic?Charter?have?been?included?in?enactments?of?the?Greeklegislature?after?the?undertaking?of?the?Olympic?Games.?Law?2598/1998?‘Organization?of?the?Olympic?Games?–?Athens?2004 …” „… ’?was?the?first?to?refer?to?the?OlympicCharter …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The protection of the environment S. 113-114

„… ConstitutionThe?Olympic?Charter?is?the?supreme?constitutional?charter?of?the?Olympic?Movement?and?regulates?the?relations?of?its?members.?Prima?facie?the?Olympic?Charterhas …” „… ?nothing?to?do?with?state?relations,?nor?interferes?in?them.The?relation?of?the?Olympic?Chapter?with?the?standing?constitutional?provisionsindicates?the?power/dynamics/potential?of?the?Olympic?Movement?rules?and?thestate?rules.?This?power?can?either?converge?as?regard?the?aims?or?deviate.The?Olympic?Charter …” „… .222Sustainable development according to the Olympic Charter and the Host …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The legislative regulation of sport in the Greek legal order S. 207-209

„… ?approachto?the?sports?phenomenon?that?was?consistent?with?the?basic?principles?of?the?European?Union?law.208The Host City Contract of Athens and the Olympic CharterThe?Olympic?organization?of?2004 …” „… ,?which?bearsall?the?aforementioned?attributes.The?Host?City?Contract?of?Athens?specified?in?article?60?which?version?of?theOlympic?Charter?was?binding?the?parties.?That?version?was?the?one?of?the …” „… ?by?making?the?IOC?conversant?with?the?conditions?of?environment?protection?and?to?respect?the?fair?play?and?the?rules?of?the?Olympic?Charter …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic Movement Rules and the Constitution S. 113

„… ConstitutionThe?Olympic?Charter?is?the?supreme?constitutional?charter?of?the?Olympic?Movement?and?regulates?the?relations?of?its?members.?Prima?facie?the?Olympic?Charterhas …” „… ?nothing?to?do?with?state?relations,?nor?interferes?in?them.The?relation?of?the?Olympic?Chapter?with?the?standing?constitutional?provisionsindicates?the?power/dynamics/potential?of?the?Olympic?Movement?rules?and?thestate?rules.?This?power?can?either?converge?as?regard?the?aims?or?deviate.The?Olympic?Charter …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Is sport a human right? S. 113

„… ConstitutionThe?Olympic?Charter?is?the?supreme?constitutional?charter?of?the?Olympic?Movement?and?regulates?the?relations?of?its?members.?Prima?facie?the?Olympic?Charterhas …” „… ?nothing?to?do?with?state?relations,?nor?interferes?in?them.The?relation?of?the?Olympic?Chapter?with?the?standing?constitutional?provisionsindicates?the?power/dynamics/potential?of?the?Olympic?Movement?rules?and?thestate?rules.?This?power?can?either?converge?as?regard?the?aims?or?deviate.The?Olympic?Charter …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Olympic Truce S. 120

„… nd?World?War.?Even?though?Pierde?Coubertin?had?referred?to?the?close?link?between?sport?and?peace,?even?thoughthe? Olympic? Charters?mentions? that? one? of? the? fundamental;? principles? of …” „… Introduction?of?Olympic?Charter,?Fundamental?Principles?of?Olympism?2.120 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The connection of the rules of the Olympic Movement with the Host City and hence with the legal order of the country that hosts the Olympic Games S. 90

„… CharterAccording?to?article?37.8 …” „… ?of?the?Olympic?Charter …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova General S. 120-121

„… nd?World?War.?Even?though?Pierde?Coubertin?had?referred?to?the?close?link?between?sport?and?peace,?even?thoughthe? Olympic? Charters?mentions? that? one? of? the? fundamental;? principles? of …” „… Introduction?of?Olympic?Charter,?Fundamental?Principles?of?Olympism?2.120The ancient truceThe foundation of the …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport as a means of expression of the freedom of association S. 57-58

„… The?English?term?Host?City?has?been?adopted?by?the?Olympic?Charter?and?signifies?the?citywhere? the?Olympic?Games?will? take? place,?by?virtue? of?a?contract?with? the …” „… The?International?Olympic?Committee?is?defined?as?a?concept?in?the?Olympic?Charter?andwill?be?examined?below.62 European?Commission,? document? 29/9/1998? (final),? The? development? and? prospects …” „… The?concept?of?the?Olympic?Movement?is?defined?in?accordance?with?the?Olympic?Charterand?is?examined?below.58 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The International Olympic Committee (IOC) S. 85-87

„… so,?the?national?governments?are?committed?to?abide?by?the?Olympic?Charter,?ifa?city?within?its?territory?undertakes?to?host?the?Olympics?(article?34?par.3 …” „… .).?TheOlympics?are?organized?only?under?these?circumstances,?with?a?certain?ideologicaldressing?and?are?governed?exclusively?by?the?Olympic?Charter?and?at?a?certain?time(at?this?point?the?term?Olympiad?slips?into?this?context.?According?to?Bye-Law?toRule?6 …” „… ).?More?specificprovisions?about?the?Olympic?Games?are?provided?by?the?article?33-45.?It?has?to?bepointed?out?that,?as?the?Olympic?Charter?clearly?mentions?(article?6 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The National Olympic Committees (NOCs) S. 87-88

„… (IFs)Aiming?at?embracing?the?whole?athletic?phenomenon,?the?Olympic?Charter …” „… ?recognizes?the?international?sporting?federations?placing?in?this?way?the?members?of?theinternational?sporting?movements?among?its?action.?In?this?way?it?renders?itself?theabsolute/supreme?rule(r).The?competence,?the?role?and?the?recognition?of?the?Ifs?is?regulated?by?the?articles26-27?of?the?Olympic?Charter.?It?also?made?clear?that,?because?if?the?requirementof? their …” „… ? independenceshould?make?sure?that?their?statutes,?practices?and?activities?are?consistent?with?theOlympic?Charter.Through? the? control? and? the? recognition? of? the? international? federations …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Games of a city, a contact, an ideology S. 117-119

„… Olympic Charter and …” „… ,?via?the?host?city?contract?the?organizing?state?is?bound?to?followthe?Olympic?Charter,?questioning?arises?about?up?to?which?extent?the?national?legalorder?is?bound?to?follow?these?provisions.233Therefore,?according?to?the?Olympic?Charter …” „… ).?Also,?the?national?governments?of?the?country?of?thehosting?city?must?guarantee?that?the?state?and?its?public?authorities?will?comply?withthe?Olympic?Charter?(article?34,?par.3).234 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic Movement S. 80-82

„… ect?to?a?total?of?rules?and?statutes.?The?IOC?isresponsible?for?the?introduction?of?those?rules.?At?this?point?it?would?be?interestingto?approach?the?system?of?these?rules?which?define?the?Olympic?Movement.?TheOlympic?Charter?is?the?fundamental?source?of?the?general?regulatory?framework?ofthe?Olympic?Movement.The Olympic …” „… ndChapter?of?the?Olympic?Charter …” „… ? theOlympic?Charter.It?is?reasonable?a?common?philosophy?to?be?required?among?the?various?institutions?that?are?spread?throughout?the?five?continents?and?among?the?individualsthat?constitute?these?institutions.?These?institutions,?though,?are?not?exclusively?oftrades/associative?nature.?The?Olympic?movement?comprises? the?athletes …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The competitive relationship among the Olympic Movement rules and the state rules and the institutional balancing of each Olympic Organization S. 110-112

„… was?forced?to?a?dialogue?with?the?USA?and?EU,?which?as?powerful?actors?of?theinternational?scene?and?market?should?on?no?account?boycott?the?Games.Olympic Charter and Human …” „… RightsThe?above?arguments?do?not?negate?the?general?questioning?about?the?protectionof?human?rights?as?a?Olympic?Charter …” „… ?request,?which?tends?to?be?an?even?strongerrequest?as?the?time?goes?by.?Indeed,?one?could?argue?that?given?the?destitution?inthe?human?right?protection,?the?Olympic?Charter?undertakes?their?protection?in?theview?of?the?historical?claim?of?a?certain?era.?At?the?same?time,?though,?it?undertakesthe?settlements/compromises?that?an?Olympic?organization?connotes,?which?couldat?the?end?make?the?major?historical?claims?be?forgotten.The?Olympic?Charter219 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Human Rights & Anti-Discrimination Provisions in Sports Treaties S. 119

„… TreatiesSeveral?international?treaties?address?the?issue?of?discrimination?in?sports.?Nationallaws,?such?as?the?United?State's?Title?IX,?further?define?this?area.• The? Olympic? Charter? -? The? Fundamental? Principles? of? Olympism? in …” „… ? theOlympic?Charter …” „… .• UNESCO?International?Charter?of?Physical?Education?and?Sport?-?The?UN-ESCO?International?Charter?of?Physical?Education?and?Sport?[pdf]?states?ageneral?prohibition?against?discrimination?by?recalling?the?Universal?Declaration?of?Human?Rights? in? its?preface.?Article?1?of …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The International Federations (IFs) S. 87

„… (IFs)Aiming?at?embracing?the?whole?athletic?phenomenon,?the?Olympic?Charter …” „… ?recognizes?the?international?sporting?federations?placing?in?this?way?the?members?of?theinternational?sporting?movements?among?its?action.?In?this?way?it?renders?itself?theabsolute/supreme?rule(r).The?competence,?the?role?and?the?recognition?of?the?Ifs?is?regulated?by?the?articles26-27?of?the?Olympic?Charter.?It?also?made?clear?that,?because?if?the?requirementof? their …” „… ? independenceshould?make?sure?that?their?statutes,?practices?and?activities?are?consistent?with?theOlympic?Charter.Through? the? control? and? the? recognition? of? the? international? federations …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Role of NATO S. 70-71

„… ?it?had?adopted?the?International?Charter …” „… ? ofSeptember?events?of?high?rating?like?the?Olympics?and?susceptible?to?terroristicinterest?constitute?a?field?of?validation?among?disclosed?and?undisclosed?powers.The legislative delineation of the principles of the Olympic Charter andconsequences thereof. The …” „… playThe?Olympic?Charter?adopts?a?series?of?principles?and?axioms?of?ethical?content.Such?a?basic?principle?is?that?of?fair?play.?In?view?of?adhering?to?principles?of?ethicalnature,?the?Olympic?Charter?has?established?an?Ethics?Commission83,?whose?mission …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The international agreements against doping S. 71

„… ? ofSeptember?events?of?high?rating?like?the?Olympics?and?susceptible?to?terroristicinterest?constitute?a?field?of?validation?among?disclosed?and?undisclosed?powers.The legislative delineation of the principles of the Olympic Charter andconsequences thereof. The …” „… playThe?Olympic?Charter?adopts?a?series?of?principles?and?axioms?of?ethical?content.Such?a?basic?principle?is?that?of?fair?play.?In?view?of?adhering?to?principles?of?ethicalnature,?the?Olympic?Charter?has?established?an?Ethics?Commission83,?whose?mission …” „… ?is?to?develop?the?ethical?principles,?including?a?Code?of?Ethics,?which?is?basedon?the?values?and?principles?of?the?Olympic?Charter.?In?addition,?the?Ethics?Commission?investigates?complaints?raised?in?relation?to?the?non-respect?of?such?ethicalprinciples,? including?breaches?of? the?Code?of?Ethics,?and …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova WADA and UNESCO against doping S. 71

„… ? ofSeptember?events?of?high?rating?like?the?Olympics?and?susceptible?to?terroristicinterest?constitute?a?field?of?validation?among?disclosed?and?undisclosed?powers.The legislative delineation of the principles of the Olympic Charter andconsequences thereof. The …” „… playThe?Olympic?Charter?adopts?a?series?of?principles?and?axioms?of?ethical?content.Such?a?basic?principle?is?that?of?fair?play.?In?view?of?adhering?to?principles?of?ethicalnature,?the?Olympic?Charter?has?established?an?Ethics?Commission83,?whose?mission …” „… ?is?to?develop?the?ethical?principles,?including?a?Code?of?Ethics,?which?is?basedon?the?values?and?principles?of?the?Olympic?Charter.?In?addition,?the?Ethics?Commission?investigates?complaints?raised?in?relation?to?the?non-respect?of?such?ethicalprinciples,? including?breaches?of? the?Code?of?Ethics,?and …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Fair play in the Code of Sports Ethics of the Council of Europe S. 73-74

„… .?TheCouncil?of?Europe88?has?adopted?rules,?quite?similar?to?the?ones?of?the?OlympicCharter …” „… ?theEuropean?Sports?Charter,?which?is?quite?similar?to?the?Olympic?Charter …” „… The?text?can?be?found?at?http://culture.coe.fr/Infocentre/txt/eng/espcod.htm.88 Analytically?see?also?in?http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/sport/SportinEurope/charter_en.asp.89 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic Games S. 85

„… so,?the?national?governments?are?committed?to?abide?by?the?Olympic?Charter,?ifa?city?within?its?territory?undertakes?to?host?the?Olympics?(article?34?par.3 …” „… .).?TheOlympics?are?organized?only?under?these?circumstances,?with?a?certain?ideologicaldressing?and?are?governed?exclusively?by?the?Olympic?Charter?and?at?a?certain?time(at?this?point?the?term?Olympiad?slips?into?this?context.?According?to?Bye-Law?toRule?6 …” „… ).?More?specificprovisions?about?the?Olympic?Games?are?provided?by?the?article?33-45.?It?has?to?bepointed?out?that,?as?the?Olympic?Charter?clearly?mentions?(article?6 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The international constitutional framework of sports S. 64-65

„… ?for?instance?UNESCO?founded?thetransnational?organization?for?the?physical?education?and?sport?and?in?1978?UN-ESCO?adopted?the?international?charter?on?the?physical?education?and?sport.68 …” „… ? havelooked?for?their?contribution?to?the?sporting?affairs.?Rules?of?relative?content?to?theone?of?the?Olympic?Charter?were?adopted?by?the?Council?of?Europe?under?an?intenseeffort?to?be?placed?among?a?unified?European?system.A?European?Charter?for?Sport?has?been?already?adopted?at?a?level?of?committeeof?Ministers?on?the?24th?of?September?1992 …” „… o?secure?the?compliance?to?it.?The?Councilof?Europe?establishes?certain?moral?obligations?especially?for?the?governments.Simultaneously,?the?Council?of?Europe?established?a?European?charter?for?sportson?the?24.9.1992,?that?was?adopted?at?a?committee?of?mi …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Obligatory submission-standard clauses-human rights S. 101-102

„… nism,?leaving?the?other?parties?no?choice?but?to?accept?this?rule.?The?situationthough?is?even?more?intense?in?the?case?of?the?Olympic?Games.?According?to?article74?of?the?Olympic?Charter …” „… ,?any?dispute?arising?on?the?occasion?of,?or?in?connectionwith,?the?Olympic?Games?shall?be?submitted?exclusively?to?the?Court?of?Arbitrationfor?Sport.?In?Athens,?CAS's?jurisdiction?sprang?from?a?variety?of?sources.?BeyondArticle?74?of?the?Olympic?Charter …” „… “?The?ad?hoc?Division?of?the?Court?of?Arbitration?for?Sport?(Athens,?Greece)has?jurisdiction?over?NOCs?by?reason?of?Article?4.1,?31?and?74?of?the?OlympicCharter?and?over?IFs?by?reason?of?Article?4.3,?29,?30?and?74 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The human body, the international society and the fair play of history S. 18-25

„… anced?the?body?to?a?value?in?the?contemporary?civilization.Romantism?and?voluntarism,?the?principle?of?progress?and?the?socialistic?ideology,?the?critical?attitude?towards?the?religions?are?principles?that?highly?affect?theOlympic?charter.7?The?Olympic?Movement?along?with?other?contemporary?move-5 Among?others,?Stewart …” „… ? organs.?Thestructure?of?the?Olympic?Charter?is?reminiscent?of?the?structure?of?modern?constitutions.?Itcomprises?initially?the?fundamental?principles,?then?its?organizational?schemes?and?finally?thejudicial?system.?It?regulates?the?total?of?the?relations?of?individuals,?unions?and?athletes?in?the5 …” „… ?continents,?through?their?submission?and?commitment?to?the?Olymnpic?Charter.19ments?“would?contribute?to?the?creation?of?another?world”.8 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The rationalization of the sports phenomenon in the framework of the Council of Europe S. 182-183

„… ? ‘laws?and?practices’?of?sportsassociations?of?any?kind,?including?the?IOC?and?the?Olympic?Charter.?This?undertaking?is?for?the?time?being?theoretical.?However,?in?the?event?that?it?takes?effect,it? is?possible? that?an?all-inclusive?revision?of?the?rules …” „… ofEuropeRules?of?equivalent?content?to?that?of?the?Olympic?Charter?have?been?adopted?bythe?Council?of?Europe?demonstrating?a?strong?effort?of?rationalization.400 S.?at?http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/com/pdf/1999/com1999_0644en01.pdf.401 …” „… ?the?EuropeanSports?Charter …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The positions of the Council of Europe about Sport and their contribution to the forming of a European perception about sports S. 65-66

„… ? havelooked?for?their?contribution?to?the?sporting?affairs.?Rules?of?relative?content?to?theone?of?the?Olympic?Charter?were?adopted?by?the?Council?of?Europe?under?an?intenseeffort?to?be?placed?among?a?unified?European?system.A?European?Charter?for?Sport?has?been?already?adopted?at?a?level?of?committeeof?Ministers?on?the?24th?of?September?1992 …” „… o?secure?the?compliance?to?it.?The?Councilof?Europe?establishes?certain?moral?obligations?especially?for?the?governments.Simultaneously,?the?Council?of?Europe?established?a?European?charter?for?sportson?the?24.9.1992,?that?was?adopted?at?a?committee?of?mi …” „… nisters’?level.?Accordingto?this?charter …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The integration of the ethical rules of sport in national laws S. 74-77

„… ?the?same?time,?the?Council?of?Europe,?at?Committee?of?Ministers?level,?hasadopted?a?European?Sports?Charter?on?24?September?199290.?According? to …” „… ? thisCharter …” „… lawsCertain?concepts?included?in?the?Olympic?Charter,?among?the?above-mentioned,have?been?incorporated?into?sources?of?the?Greek?law,?whereas?others?preserve?thestatus?of?ethical?rules,?which?are?part?of?contractual?relations?governed?by?the?privatewill91 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Potential avenues of a more effective revival S. 131-133

„… ? it?couldinclude?provisions?in?the?Olympic?Charter?about?the?Olympic?Truce,?which?woulddisqualify?from?the?Olympics?the?states?that?do?not?respect?the?Truce?during?theOlympics.?It?could?even?impose?a?ban?of?disqualification?from?the?Olympics?for?2or?3?Olympiads,?in?case?they?violate?the?truce.?Moreover,?it …” „… .?Furthermore,?provisions?abouttheTruce?could?be?included?in?the?UN?Charter?and?more?specifically?in?the?chapterVII?of?the?Charter.?In?articles?41,?42 …” „… ? theOlympic?Charter.?Sanctions?should?be?provided?only?as?long?as?a?country?predom-278 Alexandrakis …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The challenge of the first European Olympic Games S. 51-54

„… ?in?Athens?thesedilemmas?were?posed?again?in?a?tremendously?relative?way.?The?integrity?of?thehuman?being,?as?the?article?II-3?of?the?Charter …” „… ?of?the?Fundamental?Rights?of?theUnion?provides.,?as?was?expressed?in?the?part?II?of?the?European?Constitution?draftis?not?about?the?roman?arean?obviously?but?prohibits?the?transformation?of?the?human?body?to?a?resource?of?profit.The?freedom?of?thought,?consciousness?and?religion?(article?II-10?of?the?Charter),the?cultural,?religious?and?linguistic?variety?(article?II-22 …” „… ?of?the?Charter?of?the?Fundamental?Rights)?are?tested?with?occasion?of?the?2004?Olympics;?also,?the?protectionof?the?environment?(article?II-37?of?the?Fundamental …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova A state regulatory framework for sport S. 63-64

„… ? theOlympic?Games?or?rather?the?‘law’?of?the?Olympic?Movement.All?these?principles?have?been?expressed?in?the?Olympic?Charter,?the?statutorytext?of?the?Olympic?Movement.?Whether?a?manifest?or?a?philosophical?essay,?theOlympic?Charter …” „… ?for?instance?UNESCO?founded?thetransnational?organization?for?the?physical?education?and?sport?and?in?1978?UN-ESCO?adopted?the?international?charter?on?the?physical?education?and?sport.68 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The competitive relation between the Olympic movement rules and the national/state ones and the institutional balancing of each Olympic organization S. 102-103

„… ?4.1,?31?and?74?of?the?OlympicCharter?and?over?IFs?by?reason?of?Article?4.3,?29,?30?and?74 …” „… .?This?conclusion?is?fortified?by?the?undertaking?ofeach?to?promote?the?Olympic?Charter?in?the?particular?manner?set?out?in?it.”184Jurisdiction?over?the?IOC?was?conferred?by?Art. 74?of?the?Olympic?Charter.?185 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic games of 2004 under Greek legislation S. 217-218

„… in?the?Host?City?Contract,?or?the?Olympic?Charter?and?treating?an?issue?that?bearson?State?action,?public?interest,?or?violating?Community?and?constitutional?rules,will?not?be?deemed?binding.?Given?that?the?Olympic?Charter …” „… ?and?through?this?to?revealthe?way?by?which?the?Greek?legal?order?has?incorporated?the?‘rules’?and?the?‘directives’?resulting?from?the?Olympic?Charter,?the?Host?City?Contract?and?the?otherOlympic?texts.?Also,?by?the?analysis?below,?one?could?compare?the?Greek?.446Law 2598/1998 ‘Organization of the Olympic Games – Athens 2004’Law?2598/1998 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport: a defined Community term with international references S. 167-168

„… K.,The?perception?of?the?ancient?Greeks?on?sport?(in?Greek),?Typothito,?2003.383 according?to?article?2?of?the?Charter?on?Sport?of?the?European?Council:1 …” „… .?For?the?purpose?of?this?Charter:?? ? ?a …” „… .????This?Charter?complements?the?ethical?principles?and?policy?guidelines?set?out?in:i.????the?European?Convention?on?Spectator?Violence?and?Misbehaviour?at?Sports?Events?andin?Particular?at?Football?Matches,????ii.?the?Anti-Doping?Convention.167of?sport?as?w …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova General Remarks S. 230-232

„… ?adjust?the?Greek?legislative?reality?to?the?requirements?of?the?Olympic?organization.?Of?course,?the?adjustment?was?neither?all-inclusive?nor?abrupt.?Several?rulesof?the?Olympic?Charter …” „… ?were?gradually?adopted,?specific?engagements?of?the?HostCity?Contract?were?fulfilled?and?the?Greek?legal?order?was?familiarized?with?thenew?undertaking,?which?it?is?called?upon?to?carry?through.More?specifically:a. The?Organizing?Committee?was?created,?pursuant?to?the?Host?City?Contractand?the?Olympic?Charter …” „… . The?creation?of?a?Muslim?temple?in?Attica?was?regulated,?as?an?expression?ofthe?principles?of?religious?tolerance?emanating?from?the?Olympic?Charter …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The freedom to contract and the relation between the associative nature of sport and the Olympic organization S. 61-63

„… deals,?the?associative?nature?of?sport?proved?to?be?an?extremelyefficient?means,?since?all?the?members?of?the?Olympic?Movement?accepted?successively?the?legislative?framework?set?by?the?IOC?and?especially?the?rules?of?theOlympic?Charter …” „… ? theOlympic?Games?or?rather?the?‘law’?of?the?Olympic?Movement.All?these?principles?have?been?expressed?in?the?Olympic?Charter,?the?statutorytext?of?the?Olympic?Movement.?Whether?a?manifest?or?a?philosophical?essay,?theOlympic?Charter …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Addendum S. 165-167

„… K.,The?perception?of?the?ancient?Greeks?on?sport?(in?Greek),?Typothito,?2003.383 according?to?article?2?of?the?Charter?on?Sport?of?the?European?Council:1 …” „… .?For?the?purpose?of?this?Charter:?? ? ?a …” „… .????This?Charter?complements?the?ethical?principles?and?policy?guidelines?set?out?in:i.????the?European?Convention?on?Spectator?Violence?and?Misbehaviour?at?Sports?Events?andin?Particular?at?Football?Matches,????ii.?the?Anti-Doping?Convention.167 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Ideological background S. 124-127

„… ?Olympic?Charter.However,?since?the?revival?of?the?Games?there?were?many?references?to?the?needfor?peace?and?the?connection?between?sport?and?peace.?During?the?procedures?ofthe?revival?of?the?Games,?in?January?1894,?Coubertin?sends?a?circular?to?variousass …” „… Introduction?of?Olympic?Charter,?Fundamental?Principles?of?Olympism?2.124of?correlation?of?peace?and?internationalism?to?the?Olympic?Games.256 …” „… bertin’s?wish?for?peace?was?partly?adopted?by?the?Olympic?Chapter,?sincethe?two?out?of?the?nine?fundamental?principles?of?the?Olympic?Charter?are?aboutthe?peace.263Indeed,?sport?has?a?unique?power?to?unite?people?and?bring?them?together,?regardless?of?the …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic Truce in the modern era S. 124

„… ?Olympic?Charter.However,?since?the?revival?of?the?Games?there?were?many?references?to?the?needfor?peace?and?the?connection?between?sport?and?peace.?During?the?procedures?ofthe?revival?of?the?Games,?in?January?1894,?Coubertin?sends?a?circular?to?variousass …” „… Introduction?of?Olympic?Charter,?Fundamental?Principles?of?Olympism?2.124 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The rationalization of sports rules in the framework of Community law S. 182

„… ? ‘laws?and?practices’?of?sportsassociations?of?any?kind,?including?the?IOC?and?the?Olympic?Charter.?This?undertaking?is?for?the?time?being?theoretical.?However,?in?the?event?that?it?takes?effect,it? is?possible? that?an?all-inclusive?revision?of?the?rules …” „… ofEuropeRules?of?equivalent?content?to?that?of?the?Olympic?Charter?have?been?adopted?bythe?Council?of?Europe?demonstrating?a?strong?effort?of?rationalization.400 S.?at?http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/com/pdf/1999/com1999_0644en01.pdf.401 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The security of the Games S. 229-230

„… ?adjust?the?Greek?legislative?reality?to?the?requirements?of?the?Olympic?organization.?Of?course,?the?adjustment?was?neither?all-inclusive?nor?abrupt.?Several?rulesof?the?Olympic?Charter …” „… ?were?gradually?adopted,?specific?engagements?of?the?HostCity?Contract?were?fulfilled?and?the?Greek?legal?order?was?familiarized?with?thenew?undertaking,?which?it?is?called?upon?to?carry?through.More?specifically:a. The?Organizing?Committee?was?created,?pursuant?to?the?Host?City?Contractand?the?Olympic?Charter …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Final Remarks S. 283-284

„… g?events,?which?are?designated?by?that?other?memberstate,?on?free?television.?The?Commission?is?responsible?for?making?sure?that?allmember-states?abide?by?these?provisions.622The?UNESCO?Constitutional?Charter?also?contributes? to? this? result? by …” „… M.,?Team?Sport?and?collectiveselling?of?TV?rights:?The?Netherlands?and?European?Law?aspects,?in?International?SportsLaw?Journal?2004.623 UNESCO?Constitutional?Charter,?article?8,?Panagiotopoulos D./ Kourogeni …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The importance of the truce S. 123-124

„… ?Olympic?Charter.However,?since?the?revival?of?the?Games?there?were?many?references?to?the?needfor?peace?and?the?connection?between?sport?and?peace.?During?the?procedures?ofthe?revival?of?the?Games,?in?January?1894,?Coubertin?sends?a?circular?to?variousass …” „… Introduction?of?Olympic?Charter,?Fundamental?Principles?of?Olympism?2.124 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Olympics and Broadcasting S. 282-283

„… ?following?events,?which?are?designated?by?that?other?memberstate,?on?free?television.?The?Commission?is?responsible?for?making?sure?that?allmember-states?abide?by?these?provisions.622The?UNESCO?Constitutional?Charter?also?contributes? to? this? result? by …” „… M.,?Team?Sport?and?collectiveselling?of?TV?rights:?The?Netherlands?and?European?Law?aspects,?in?International?SportsLaw?Journal?2004.623 UNESCO?Constitutional?Charter,?article?8,?Panagiotopoulos D./ Kourogeni …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The influence of the case law of the European Court of Justice on the rules of the Olympic Movement S. 181-182

„… ? ‘laws?and?practices’?of?sportsassociations?of?any?kind,?including?the?IOC?and?the?Olympic?Charter.?This?undertaking?is?for?the?time?being?theoretical.?However,?in?the?event?that?it?takes?effect,it? is?possible? that?an?all-inclusive?revision?of?the?rules …” „… ofEuropeRules?of?equivalent?content?to?that?of?the?Olympic?Charter?have?been?adopted?bythe?Council?of?Europe?demonstrating?a?strong?effort?of?rationalization.400 S.?at?http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/com/pdf/1999/com1999_0644en01.pdf.401 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The end of amateur sport and the role of the IOC S. 58-59

„… The?English?term?Host?City?has?been?adopted?by?the?Olympic?Charter?and?signifies?the?citywhere? the?Olympic?Games?will? take? place,?by?virtue? of?a?contract?with? the …” „… The?International?Olympic?Committee?is?defined?as?a?concept?in?the?Olympic?Charter?andwill?be?examined?below.62 European?Commission,? document? 29/9/1998? (final),? The? development? and? prospects …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The limits to the autonomy of the Olympic organization S. 183-185

„… ?the?EuropeanSports?Charter,?which?bears?many?resemblances?to?the?Olympic?Charter …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova CAS and ECHR S. 100-101

„… nism,?leaving?the?other?parties?no?choice?but?to?accept?this?rule.?The?situationthough?is?even?more?intense?in?the?case?of?the?Olympic?Games.?According?to?article74?of?the?Olympic?Charter …” „… ,?any?dispute?arising?on?the?occasion?of,?or?in?connectionwith,?the?Olympic?Games?shall?be?submitted?exclusively?to?the?Court?of?Arbitrationfor?Sport.?In?Athens,?CAS's?jurisdiction?sprang?from?a?variety?of?sources.?BeyondArticle?74?of?the?Olympic?Charter …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Doping and European Union S. 137-141

„… ?the?European?Ministers?adopted?a?European?Charter?Map?against?doping,?in?which?they?werecommitted?to?take?measures?against?doping.?In?1989?in?Strasburg?the?member-statessigned?the …” „… t?has?to?be?mentioned?that?about?thepatent?of?the?charter?of?this?organization?there?was?an?agreement?between?the?IOCand?the?EU?in?a?meeting?which?was?held?on?the?2nd?November?1999.139Finally?the?Commission?considers?that?one?more?dimension?for?the?fight …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Law 2598/1998 ‘Organization of the Olympic Games – Athens 2004’ S. 218-222

„… rporated?the?‘rules’?and?the?‘directives’?resulting?from?the?Olympic?Charter,?the?Host?City?Contract?and?the?otherOlympic?texts.?Also,?by?the?analysis?below,?one?could?compare?the?Greek?.446Law 2598/1998 ‘Organization of the Olympic Games – Athens 2004’Law?2598/1998 …” „… ?accordance?with?the?relevant?requirements?of?the?Olympic?Charter?(article39).?The?Organizing?Committee?has?been?constituted?as?a?private?law?legal?person449 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The rules of the Olympic Movement and the state rules S. 80

„… ect?to?a?total?of?rules?and?statutes.?The?IOC?isresponsible?for?the?introduction?of?those?rules.?At?this?point?it?would?be?interestingto?approach?the?system?of?these?rules?which?define?the?Olympic?Movement.?TheOlympic?Charter?is?the?fundamental?source?of?the?general?regulatory?framework?ofthe?Olympic?Movement.The Olympic …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Dispute Resolution-Establishment of a separate court S. 95

„… ? separation?ofpowers?in?the?sporting?system?of?rules.?Also,?it?seeks?for?a?charter/constitutionalcoherence?that?differs?from?the?one?of?the?states?and?communicates/interacts?withthe?state?legal?orders?by?the?host?city?contract?that?joins?in?every?organization.146The Court of Arbitration for Sports ( C. A. S. )HistoryIn?1981 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Court of Arbitration for Sports (C. A. S.) S. 95

„… ? separation?ofpowers?in?the?sporting?system?of?rules.?Also,?it?seeks?for?a?charter/constitutionalcoherence?that?differs?from?the?one?of?the?states?and?communicates/interacts?withthe?state?legal?orders?by?the?host?city?contract?that?joins?in?every?organization.146The Court of Arbitration for Sports ( C. A. S. )HistoryIn?1981 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sporting Rules, Olympic Games and International Law S. 69-70

„… ?it?had?adopted?the?International?Charter?on?PhysicalEducation?and?Sport.The?UN?has?also?shown?a?great?interest?in?sport.?After?having?taken?a?resolutionagainst?apartheid?in?sports,80?it?created?the?International?Treaty?against?aparthei …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic truce in effect S. 130-131

„… ? it?couldinclude?provisions?in?the?Olympic?Charter?about?the?Olympic?Truce,?which?woulddisqualify?from?the?Olympics?the?states?that?do?not?respect?the?Truce?during?theOlympics.?It?could?even?impose?a?ban?of?disqualification?from?the?Olympics?for?2or?3?Olympiads,?in?case?they?violate?the?truce.?Moreover,?it …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova History S. 95-96

„… ? separation?ofpowers?in?the?sporting?system?of?rules.?Also,?it?seeks?for?a?charter/constitutionalcoherence?that?differs?from?the?one?of?the?states?and?communicates/interacts?withthe?state?legal?orders?by?the?host?city?contract?that?joins?in?every?organization.146The Court of Arbitration for Sports ( C. A. S. )HistoryIn?1981 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The rule of law and the fair play S. 77-79

„… c?idealThe?Company,?by?the?provisions?of?the?present?Regulation,?guarantees?the?satisfaction?ofthe?fundamental?principles?of?the?Olympic?Charter …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Law 2833/2000 ‘Issues of Preparation of the Olympic Games of 2004 and other provisions’ S. 227-229

„… ? this?paragraph?materializes?engagements?of? the?country?resultingfrom? the?Olympic?Charter? and? the?Host? City? Contract …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The International respond S. 135-137

„… ?the?European?Ministers?adopted?a?European?Charter?Map?against?doping,?in?which?they?werecommitted?to?take?measures?against?doping.?In?1989?in?Strasburg?the?member-statessigned?the …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Doping and European Convention of Human Rights S. 141-143

„… ?of?European?Social?Charter …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The relation between the EC law and the Olympic movement rules S. 163-165

„… ? Olympicmovement?rules?are?succeeding?(or?trying?to?succeed?in)?in?penetrating?to?the?national?legislation?of?the?respective?state.?The?Olympic?Movement?mainly?pursuesthe?application?of?the?Olympic?Charter?in?the?hosting?city?without?caring?about?thenational?legislation.?The?prevalence?of?the?EC?law?puts?some?limits?to?the?autonomyof …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The commercialization of the Games and the early violations. S. 259-262

„… ?of?the?Olympic?Charter …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The prevalence of the Community law over the regulations of the sporting institutions S. 156-159

„… ules?inscrutiny?were?characterized?as?practice,?a?position?which?is?quite?close?to?the?oneof?the?Greek?Council?of?the?State.?Subsequently,?the?Olympic?movement?rules,?theOlympic?Charter …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The effect of the Bosman judgment in the Olympic movement rules S. 159-163

„… ? Olympicmovement?rules?are?succeeding?(or?trying?to?succeed?in)?in?penetrating?to?the?national?legislation?of?the?respective?state.?The?Olympic?Movement?mainly?pursuesthe?application?of?the?Olympic?Charter?in?the?hosting?city?without?caring?about?thenational?legislation.?The?prevalence?of?the?EC?law?puts?some?limits?to?the?autonomyof …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Bibliography S. 285-299

„… b):?Die?Olympische:?idee?Pierre?de?Coubertins?und?CarlDiems?in?ihrer?Auswirkung?auf?die?Internacional?Olympische?Akademie?(Vol.I)?(DissertationGraz).?[S.l.]:?[s.n.],Mestre A.,?The?legal?basis?of?the?Olympic?Charter,?in?World?Sports?Law?Report,?November?2007Metheny …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic Movement Rules: Autonomy and Pluralism. S. 55-57

„… The?concept?of?the?Olympic?Movement?is?defined?in?accordance?with?the?Olympic?Charterand?is?examined?below.58 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The legislative framework of sport and its relation to the Olympic organization S. 57

„… The?concept?of?the?Olympic?Movement?is?defined?in?accordance?with?the?Olympic?Charterand?is?examined?below.58 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845233499

Jens R. Hentschke - Reconstructing the Brazilian Nation

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Jens R. Hentschke

Reconstructing the Brazilian Nation

2007

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List of Charts S. 19

„… List of ChartsNo. Chart Page1 Political Currents in the Debates on Education Policy, 1930-61 1462 …”

Reforma Campos and 1934 Constitution S. 147-153

„… implemented with rigor.CHART 2: Primary and Middle School Education Before the Reforma CamposA closer look at …” „… registration of teachers, the school inspectors often lacked formal academic qualifications.8CHART 3: Primary …” „… behind25closed doors, as “more synthetic” and, therefore, more perfect than the 1934 charter. Even …”

1937 Constitution and Reforma Capanema S. 153-161

„… than the 1934 charter. Even critical elitist reformer Fernando de Azevedo, in his introductory volume …” „… crushed, Campos could draft a charter that was, in more ways than one, a step backwards: education ceased …” „… education, as defined in the 1934 and 1937 charters: while the former made the offer of such instruction …”

Options and Choices in the Shaping of a New Education Policy S. 429-440

„… family. The elements of a cooperative federalism in the previous charter had disappeared. Finally, by …” „… character of the school system. One minister of education would later call this charter reactionary …” „… finally replaced. The question arises why it took so long to do so. The 1946 charter reflected the new …”

Selection of Four Case Study Zones and Municipalities S. 249-255

„… education and the proportion of blacks (Chart 6).This chapter will explore the development of public …” „… ), 74-75 (formal education of this age group).CHART 6: The Differential Impact of Education Policy on …”

Vargas’s “National Reconstruction”: Political Context of the Debates S. 105-113

„… economy.Nowhere did the charter mention political parties. For Vargas and his protégés, democracy would expose …” „… . On the day of the coup, newspapers published a new charter, elaborated by mineiro Francisco Campos …”

Concepts of Citizenship in the Old Republic and the Legacy of castilhismo S. 421-429

„… ” preventatively. Rio Grande do Sul’s 1891 charter was the second in the Americas to allow for the regulation of …” „… attention to this sector. Education was to erase10 The first charter to do so, in the historic year of 1812 …”

The Struggle for Alternatives in Education Policy after 1930 S. 113-122

„… the new charter to be proclaimed in 1934. The escolanovistas were disappointed at the government’s …” „… had not entirely lost. The charter started by calling upon God, and the Church’s foremost demand …”

Rio Grande do Sul: Brazil’s Deviant Case. Origins S. 75-80

„… character of Positivism and the state charter it informed, thereby contributing to the survival of what …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-15

„… final text.12Table of ContentsList of Tables 16List of Charts 19List of Photographs 20List of …”

Transition from Monarchy to Republic: Impact on Education Policy S. 53-60

„… standards.With regard to secondary and higher education, the 1891 charter created a dualist system of federal …”

What the figures tell us: Progress in Education, 1930-1964 S. 179-205

„… , 59 in the third, 24 in the forth, and one in the fifth. Freitas’s figures (Chart 5) give a shocking …” „… Maria José Garcia Werebe, Grandezas e miserias do ensino brasileiro (Sao Paulo, 1963), 232-233.180CHART …”

Renewed Debate and Search for a Compromise in the Postwar Period S. 133-147

„… melhorando.245 See Ghirardelli, Historia da educagao, 133.145CHART 1: Political Currents in the Debates on …”

“European” Cultural Oasis: Nova Friburgo (Zone of the Alto da Serra) and its Colegio Nova Friburgo S. 300-321

„… ; practice his religion and respect other cults.441 Though liberal in content, such a charter of acceptable …”

Frontier Modernization in the gaúcho Zone: Bagé (Campanha) and the Transition from the Colégio Elementar “XV de Novembro” to the Grupo Escolar “Silveira Martins” S. 363-380

„… commemorations, with a celebration of the United Nation’s anniversary and the study of its Charter.124 It was not …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845204819

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