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Reiner Schulze - Common European Sales Law (CESL)

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Reiner Schulze (ed.)

Common European Sales Law (CESL)

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2012

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Article 3 Optional nature of the Common European Sales Law S. 67-71

„… ’, are left undefined. Article 3 Optional nature of the Common European Sales Law The parties may agree …” „… that the Common European Sales Law governs their cross-border contracts for the sale of goods, for the …” „… optionales europäisches Kaufrecht, pp 138 et seq. Article 3 Common European Sales Law (P) 30 Wendehorst 61 1 …”

Article 8 Agreement on the use of the Common European Sales Law S. 94-99

„… on the use of the Common European Sales Law 1. The use of the Common European Sales Law requires an …” „… provisions in the Common European Sales Law. 2. In relations between a trader and a consumer the agreement on …” „… the use of the Common European Sales Law shall be valid only if the consumer’s consent is given by an …”

Article 11 Consequences of the use of the Common European Sales Law S. 105-109

„… Article 11 Consequences of the use of the Common European Sales Law Where the parties have validly …” „… agreed to use the Common European Sales Law for a contract, only the Common European Sales Law shall …” „… Common European Sales Law (P) 68 Wendehorst 1 2 C. Explanation I. Exclusivity of the CESL (P) within its …”

Article 5 Contracts for which the Common European Sales Law can be used S. 77-86

„… Sales Law can be used The Common European Sales Law may be used for: (a) sales contracts; (b) contracts …” „… Common European Sales Law (P) 40 Wendehorst 23 1 mentioned in art 6. Outside the material scope, choice …” „… vested in the manufacturer or producer 3. Article 5 Common European Sales Law (P) 42 Wendehorst 7 8 9 10 …”

Article 1 Objective and subject matter S. 38-50

„… ) This Regulation establishes a Common European Sales Law. It harmonises the contract laws of the Member …” „… , 4.7.2008, p 6. Common European Sales Law (P) 2 ders by consumers from abroad are very frequently refused by …” „… with the same meaning and interpretation in all Member States, a Common Sales Law. The Common European …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-17

„… Schulze (ed.) C.H. Beck . Hart . Nomos Common European Sales Law (CESL) – Commentary – Schulze …” „… (ed.) Common European Sales Law (CESL) BUT_Schulze_7205-9.indd 1 27.07.12 11:14 BUT_Schulze_7205-9 …” „… .indd 2 27.07.12 11:14 Common European Sales Law (CESL) - Commentary edited by Reiner Schulze C.H …”

EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM Explanatory Memorandum S. 788-817

„… exhibit trade flows 40% larger.’ Common European Sales Law (P) 752 ly. One of the important reasons for …” „… protect consumers, the Common European Sales Law, which is to be considered as a second contract law …” „… mandatory consumer protection provisions in the consumer’s law, since the Common European Sales Law would …”

Abbreviations S. 20-28

„… ); Codice Civile (Italy); Código Civil (Spain) CESL Common European Sales Law CESL Annex II (P) Annex II of …” „… Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on a Common European Sales Law, COM …” „… European Parliament and of the Council of 11 October 2011 on a Common European Sales Law, COM(2011) 635 …”

Article 9 Standard Information Notice in contracts between a trader and a consumer S. 99-102

„… attention to the intended application of the Common European Sales Law before the agreement by providing the …” „… Common European Sales Law is concluded by telephone or by any other means that do not make it possible to …” „… subsequently to the use of the Common European Sales Law. 2. The information notice referred to in paragraph 1 …”

Article 4 Cross-border contracts S. 71-77

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Article 4 Common European Sales Law (P) 34 Wendehorst A. Function Art 4 contains a definition of …” „… ), Rome I, art 19 no 8. 4 COM(2011) 635 final, p 10. Article 4 Common European Sales Law (P) 36 Wendehorst …” „… et seq. Article 4 Common European Sales Law (P) 38 Wendehorst 17 18 19 option in art 13(a) is always …”

Article 10 Penalties for breach of specific requirements S. 102-105

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5 Cf Schillig/Harvey, Conclusion of Contract under the Draft Common European Sales Law, p 12 …” „… 225; Schillig/Harvey, Conclusion of Contract under the Draft Common European Sales Law, p 16. Article …” „… 10 Common European Sales Law (P) 66 Wendehorst 1 2 3 4 contain any sanctions for failure to comply …”

Article 6 Exclusion of mixed-purpose contracts and contracts linked to a consumer credit S. 86-90

„… mixed-purpose contracts and contracts linked to a consumer credit 1. The Common European Sales Law may not be …” „… accommodation. The Common European Sales Law may be used for contracts between a trader and a consumer where …” „… himself 2. 3. 3 Eidenmüller et al, (2012) JZ 275. Article 6 Common European Sales Law (P) 52 Wendehorst 10 …”

Article 2 Definitions S. 50-67

„… the Common European Sales Law; (e) ‘trader’ means any natural or legal person who is acting for …” „… -2631. Article 2 Common European Sales Law (P) 18 Wendehorst 7 8 9 10 11 V. ‘Trader’ (letter e) Trader …” „… [1997] ECR I-3767. Article 2 Common European Sales Law (P) 20 Wendehorst 16 17 18 19 tial, to draw a …”

Bibliography S. 28-34

„… , ‘The Seller’s Right to Cure in the CISG and the Common European Sales Law’ (2011) ERPL 907–919 …” „… “Regulation on a Common European Sales Law (CESL)” – Too Broad or Not Broad Enough? (2012) 4 EUI Working …” „… ) MJ: Rühl, Gerhard, ‘The Common European Sales Law: 28th Regime, 2nd Regime or 1st Regime?‘, (2012) MJ …”

Article 7 Parties to the contract S. 90-94

„… all the parties to a contract are traders, the Common European Sales Law may be used if at least one …” „… purposes of the Recommendation, such declarations are made 3. 4. Article 7 Common European Sales Law (P) 56 …” „… pursued with it. Article 8 Agreement on the use of the Common European Sales Law 1. The use of the Common …”

Article 3 Co-operation S. 128-131

„… Contract Law, p 152. Article 3 Common European Sales Law (P) 92 Schulte-Nölke 1 2 3 4 applicable in case of …” „… Interpretation 1. The Common European Sales Law is to be interpreted autonomously and in accordance with its …” „… objectives and the principles underlying it. 2. Issues within the scope of the Common European Sales Law but …”

Article 76 Language S. 402-404

„… , lawcommission.justice.gov.uk/publications/1698.htm (6.3.2012), no 4.28. Article 76 Common European Sales Law (P) 366 Kieninger 4 5 6 …” „… . 2 English and Scottish Law Commission, An Optional Common European Sales Law: Advantages and …” „… Common European Sales Law: Advantages and Problems. Advice to the UK Government, November 2011 …”

ANNEX II STANDARD INFORMATION NOTICE Standard Information Notice S. 786-788

„… Common European Sales Law, which is an alternative system of national contract law available to consumers …” „… your agreement that the contract is governed by the Common European Sales Law. You may also have agreed …” „… notice and confirmed your consent. Your core rights are described below. THE COMMON EUROPEAN SALES LAW …”

Article 12 Information requirements resulting from the Services Directive S. 109-115

„… requirements laid down in the Common European Sales Law. Contents A. Function …” „… consumer’s obliga- 3. Article 12 Common European Sales Law (P) 76 Wendehorst 14 15 16 17 18 tions or, if the …” „… make the Common European Sales Law available for: (a) contracts where the habitual residence of the …”

Article 9 Mixed-purpose contracts Schulte-Nölke S. 147-151

„… 189–194. Article 9 Common European Sales Law (P) 110 Schulte-Nölke 10 11 Contents A. Function …” „… . Article 9 Common European Sales Law (P) 112 Schulte-Nölke 5 6 7 8 cording to this provision (which is …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Article 10 Common European Sales Law (P) 114 Schulte-Nölke 12 …”

Article 146 Goods sold in transit S. 650-653

„… expected’. Article 146 Common European Sales Law (P) 614 Zoll/Watson 2 3 4 5 6 7 seller satisfies the …” „… European Sales Law (P) 616 Zoll/Watson 1 …” „… , ‘Structure of the Draft and the System of Remedies’, in Schulze/Stuyck (eds), Towards a European Contract Law …”

Article 40 Right to withdraw S. 247-260

„… . Article 40 Common European Sales Law (P) 210 Schulze 4 (a) a distance contract; (b) an off-premises …” „… 40 Common European Sales Law (P) 212 Schulze 1 Paragraphs 2 and 3 contain numerous exceptions to the …” „… ), Der Entwurf für ein optionales europäisches Kaufrecht, p 157. Article 40 Common European Sales Law (P …”

Article 4 Interpretation S. 131-134

„… Common European Sales Law is to be interpreted autonomously and in accordance with its objectives and the …” „… principles underlying it. 2. Issues within the scope of the Common European Sales Law but not expressly …” „… agreement to use the Common European Sales Law or to any other law. 3. Where there is a general rule and a …”

Article 147 Application of certain general rules on sales contracts Zoll/Watson S. 653-655

„… für ein optionales europäisches Kaufrecht, p 280. Article 147 Common European Sales Law (P) 616 …” „… europäisches Kaufrecht, p 290. Article 148 Common European Sales Law (P) 618 Zoll/Watson 1 2 …” „… the System of Remedies’, in Schulze/Stuyck (eds), Towards a European Contract Law, pp 154–159. 4 …”

Article 15 Review S. 119-120

„… the level of acceptance of the Common European Sales Law, the extent to which its provisions have …” „… protection between the Common European Sales Law and national law. That information shall include a …” „… examples. Article 15 Common European Sales Law (P) 82 Wendehorst 1 field of private law and as its …”

Article 14 Communication of judgments applying this Regulation S. 118-119

„… particular on the level of acceptance of the Common European Sales Law, the extent to which its provisions …” „… protection between the Common European Sales Law and national law. That information shall include a …” „… examples. Article 15 Common European Sales Law (P) 82 Wendehorst 1 …”

Article 77 Contracts of indeterminate duration S. 404-408

„… in English and Scottish Law Commission, An Optional Common European Sales Law: Advantages and …” „… , Parts I and II, p 316. Article 77 Common European Sales Law (P) 368 Kieninger 1 2 3 C. Explanation I …” „… Entwurf für ein optionales europäisches Kaufrecht, pp 219 et seq. Article 77 Common European Sales Law (P …”

Article 127 Payment by a third party S. 589-595

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2. Article 127 Common European Sales Law (P) 552 Dannemann 20 21 22 V. Agreement between seller …” „… Common European Sales Law (P) 554 Dannemann 7 8 9 10 11 12 III. Agreement between buyer and payor Under …” „… 116–121. Article 127 Common European Sales Law (P) 556 Dannemann 18 19 20 21 22 23 VI. Discharge of …”

Article 126 Time of payment S. 584-589

„… linchpin between the obligations of delivery and pay- 1. Article 126 Common European Sales Law (P) 548 …” „… does not discuss the notion. Article 126 Common European Sales Law (P) 550 Dannemann 11 12 13 14 15 …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2. Article 127 Common European Sales Law (P) 552 Dannemann 20 21 22 …”

Article 46 Ancillary contracts S. 284-288

„… contracts are governed by the Common European Sales Law. 3. For ancillary contracts which are not governed …” „… by the Common European Sales Law the applicable law governs the obligations of the parties in the …” „… ; art 15 Dir No 2008/48/EC. Article 46 Common European Sales Law (P) 248 Schulze 1 2 However, the scope …”

Article 1 Freedom of contract Schulte-Nölke S. 122-126

„… ANNEX I COMMON EUROPEAN SALES LAW Part I Introductory provisions Chapter 1 General principles and …” „… the application of any of the provisions of the Common European Sales Law, or derogate from or vary …” „… Common European Sales Law (P) 86 Schulte-Nölke 2 3 4 ing the contract and yet that other party still …”

Article 91 Main obligations of the seller S. 469-473

„… GEK, p 118. Article 91 Common European Sales Law (P) 432 Zoll 1 lated in one section (Section 4), but …” „… Common European Sales Law (P) 434 Zoll 6 7 8 contract of supply of the digital content and, from this …” „… personal performance by the seller is required by the contract terms. 2. 3. Article 92 Common European …”

Appendix 2 Model withdrawal form S. 784-786

„… contract you are about to conclude will be governed by the Common European Sales Law, which is an …” „… governed by the Common European Sales Law. You may also have agreed to a contract on the telephone or in …” „… rights are described below. THE COMMON EUROPEAN SALES LAW: SUMMARY OF KEY CON- SUMER RIGHTS Your rights …”

Article 66 Contract terms Kieninger S. 364-366

„… : (a) the agreement of the parties, subject to any mandatory rules of the Common European Sales Law; (b …” „… Common European Sales Law (P) 328 Kieninger 4 5 6 7 8 9 D. Criticism The wording of art 66 leaves open …” „… Common European Sales Law. Contents A. Function …”

Article 93 Place of delivery S. 477-482

„… distance or off- Article 93 Common European Sales Law (P) 440 Zoll 1 premises contracts, or in which the …” „… commented provision assumes also an im- Article 93 Common European Sales Law (P) 442 Zoll 8 9 plied term …” „… . Article 93 Common European Sales Law (P) 444 Zoll 15 16 17 Article 94 Method of delivery 1. Unless agreed …”

Article 30 Requirements for the conclusion of a contract S. 217-221

„… agreement, supplemented if necessary by rules of the Common European Sales Law, has sufficient content and …” „… Memorandum CESL (P), p 6. Article 30 Common European Sales Law (P) 180 Terryn 4 1 B. Context Art 30 combines …” „… ) Dir No 2011/83/EU. 11 Art 8(2) Dir No 2011/83/EU. Article 30 Common European Sales Law (P) 182 Terryn …”

Article 67 Usages and practices in contracts between traders S. 366-371

„… individually negotiated or any mandatory rules of the Common European Sales Law. Contents A. Function …” „… . Article 68 Common European Sales Law (P) 334 Kieninger 12 1 …” „… European Sales Law (P) 332 Kieninger 8 9 tices.8 This is evident, as the agreement on a specific term …”

Article 130 Early delivery and delivery of wrong quantity S. 605-611

„… CISG, art 60 no 8. Article 130 Common European Sales Law (P) 568 Dannemann 11 12 13 14 6. This Article …” „… it rests on the expressly inapplicable art 130(2). Article 130 Common European Sales Law (P) 572 …” „… 131 Common European Sales Law (P) 574 Dannemann 1 …”

Article 92 Performance by a third party S. 473-477

„… seller is required by the contract terms. 2. 3. Article 92 Common European Sales Law (P) 436 Zoll 13 14 …” „… imagine a legal system that would allow Article 92 Common European Sales Law (P) 438 Zoll 4 5 6 7 8 the …” „… distance or off- Article 93 Common European Sales Law (P) 440 Zoll 1 …”

Article 97 Goods or digital content not accepted by the buyer S. 494-500

„… possession of the goods. Article 97 Common European Sales Law (P) 458 Zoll 2 3 4 5 II. Buyer’s failure to …” „… should 2. 3. Article 97 Common European Sales Law (P) 462 Zoll 27 28 29 30 31 32 not occur, because in …” „… all requirements, which are stated in art 97(2)(a), are completed. 1. Article 97 Common European Sales …”

Article 42 Withdrawal period S. 265-269

„… ) NJW 1052. Article 42 Common European Sales Law (P) 228 Schulze 14 (g) the day of the conclusion of the …” „… ) Dir No 2011/83/EU. Article 42 Common European Sales Law (P) 230 Schulze 3 4 5 6 7 of a contract for …” „… Widerrufsrecht des Verbrauchers’, in Remien et al (eds), GEK für die EU?, p 136. Article 43 Common European Sales …”

Article 90 Extended application of rules on payment and on goods or digital content not accepted S. 463-469

„… Common European Sales Law (P) 428 Zoll 9 10 11 12 13 14 vides the correct solution – which in practice …” „… obliged to return. However, 1. 2. Article 90 Common European Sales Law (P) 430 Zoll 21 22 23 such …” „… GEK, p 118. Article 91 Common European Sales Law (P) 432 Zoll 1 …”

Article 160 General measure of damages S. 676-682

„… Common European Sales Law (P) 640 Možina 2 3 4 5 contract, but also by measuring the (reasonable) cost of …” „… replaced goods or the costs for it. Article 160 Common European Sales Law (P) 642 Možina 7 8 9 10 being …” „… ), Ein einheitliches europäisches Kaufrecht?, p 506. Article 160 Common European Sales Law (P) 644 Možina …”

Article 87 Non-performance and fundamental non-performance S. 433-445

„… Article 87 Common European Sales Law (P) 396 Zoll A. Objectives I. Two essential definitions Art 87 …” „… . Article 87 Common European Sales Law (P) 398 Zoll 3 4 B. Explanation I. The notion of non-performance Any …” „… not 2. Article 87 Common European Sales Law (P) 400 Zoll 9 10 11 12 exhaustive and mostly provides …”

Article 16 Entry into force and application S. 120-122

„… European Sales Law (P) 84 Wendehorst 1 2 3 4 ANNEX I COMMON EUROPEAN SALES LAW Part I Introductory …” „… European Sales Law, or derogate from or vary their effects, unless otherwise stated in those provisions …” „… field of private law and as its appropriateness has been a matter of fierce debate for more than a …”

Article 13 Member States’ options S. 115-118

„… Common European Sales Law available for: (a) contracts where the habitual residence of the traders or, in …” „… ) it was felt that, on the assumption Article 13 Common European Sales Law (P) 78 Wendehorst 24 1 that …” „… State as the law governing their contract under Rome I Regulation. Article 13 Common European Sales Law …”

Article 101 Incorrect installation under a consumer sales contract S. 513-516

„… EU?, p 168. Article 101 Common European Sales Law (P) 476 Zoll 14 15 16 (a) the goods or the digital …” „… 101 Common European Sales Law (P) 478 Zoll 5 6 7 8 9 rectly installed the goods or digital content …” „… installation under a consumer sales contract 1. Where goods or digital content supplied under a consumer sales …”

Article 102 Third party rights or claims S. 516-523

„… claim of a third party’ in art 102(1). Article 102 Common European Sales Law (P) 480 Zoll 1 2 3 B …” „… intellectual property 2. 3. 4. Article 102 Common European Sales Law (P) 484 Zoll 15 16 17 18 rights. This …” „… provision originates from art IV.A– 2:307 DCFR and art 35(3) CISG. Article 104 Common European Sales Law (P …”

Article 65 Interpretation against supplier of a contract term S. 360-364

„… Common European Sales Law (P) 324 Wendehorst 1 2 3 cover contracts between private persons and with a …” „… individually negotiated clause. The latter view is more convincing. 3. Article 65 Common European Sales Law (P …” „… rule of the Common European Sales Law which applies in the absence of an agreement of the parties to …”

Article 23 Duty to disclose information about goods and related services S. 195-200

„… Art 25 Dir No 2011/83/EU. Article 23 Common European Sales Law (P) 158 Howells/Watson 2 3 4 2. In …” „… CISG. 9 Art 23 CESL (FS) May draft; art 24 CESL (FS) August draft. Article 23 Common European Sales Law …” „… , as such Article 23 Common European Sales Law (P) 162 Howells/Watson 14 15 16 17 18 19 the question is …”

Article 49 Fraud S. 301-309

„… ; Zimmermann/Jansen, (2010) AcP 234. 32 Zimmermann/Jansen, (2010) AcP 242. Article 49 Common European Sales Law (P …” „… . Article 49 Common European Sales Law (P) 266 Pfeiffer 3 4 5 6 7 III. Scope of application Art 49 is a part …” „… 49 Common European Sales Law (P) 268 Pfeiffer 14 15 16 pressly address the problem whether, under …”

Article 173 Payment for monetary value S. 728-741

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Article 173 Common European Sales Law (P) 692 Lehmann A. Function I. Purpose Art 173 deals with …” „… Common European Sales Law (P) 696 Lehmann 23 24 25 26 return must be entirely borne by the recipient (cf …” „… . 19 Art III.–3:512(2)(1) DCFR. 20 Art III.–3:512(2)(2) DCFR. Article 173 Common European Sales Law (P …”

Article 176 Equitable modification S. 751-756

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Article 176 Common European Sales Law (P) 714 Lehmann 16 17 18 19 1. Competent person …” „… Schlechtriem, Restitution, vol II, pp 695–753. Article 176 Common European Sales Law (P) 716 Lehmann 8 9 10 11 …” „… Common European Sales Law (P) 718 Lehmann 21 22 23 24 25 Article 177 Mandatory nature In relations …”

Article 20 Duty to provide information when concluding contracts other than distance and off-premises contracts S. 189-193

„… . Article 20 Common European Sales Law (P) 154 Howells/Watson 6 7 8 9 10 to be made by the consumer and when …” „… . Article 21 Common European Sales Law (P) 156 Howells/Watson 1 2 …” „… contractual decision; the extent and nature of the information depends on the con- Article 20 Common European …”

Article 43 Effects of withdrawal S. 269-273

„… . Article 43 Common European Sales Law (P) 234 Schulze 5 6 7 ing to paragraph b, the withdrawal of the offer …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Article 44 Common European Sales Law (P) 236 Schulze 11 …” „… Widerrufsrecht des Verbrauchers’, in Remien et al (eds), GEK für die EU?, p 136. Article 43 Common European Sales …”

Article 51 Unfair exploitation S. 313-321

„… Article 51 Common European Sales Law (P) 276 Pfeiffer 18 19 IV. Content of the contract …” „… determining the excessive or unfair nature of a contract under art 51. Article 51 Common European Sales Law (P …” „… 51 Common European Sales Law (P) 280 Pfeiffer 15 16 17 18 19 exploited party. A mere market situation …”

Article 110 Requiring performance of seller’s obligations S. 540-544

„… optionales europäisches Kaufrecht, pp 257–259. Article 110 Common European Sales Law (P) 504 Zoll 1 2 3 4 5 6 …” „… European Sales Law (P) 506 Zoll 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 would obtain.7 The right to require performance should …” „… may, however, produce the effect below the standard of the Consumer Sales Directive. The qualification …”

Article 105 Relevant time for establishing conformity S. 524-527

„… die EU?, pp 173–176. Article 105 Common European Sales Law (P) 488 Zoll 1 2 3 4 II. Presumption of …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Article 106 Common European Sales Law (P) 490 Zoll …” „… to the buyer under Chapter 14. 2. In a consumer sales contract, any lack of conformity which becomes …”

Article 73 Determination of price S. 391-395

„… contract or, if no such price is available, a reasonable price. Article 73 Common European Sales Law (P …” „… , p 308; MüKo-BGB/Huber, art 55 CISG no 2. Article 73 Common European Sales Law (P) 356 Kieninger 5 6 …” „… . Article 74 Common European Sales Law (P) 358 Kieninger 12 13 14 15 …”

Article 99 Conformity with the contract S. 500-508

„… GEK, p 119. Article 99 Common European Sales Law (P) 464 Zoll 1 2 3 – Knowledge concerning the lack of …” „… 3. 4. 5. Article 99 Common European Sales Law (P) 468 Zoll 20 21 22 23 24 to decide (in the frame of …” „… . Article 99 Common European Sales Law (P) 470 Zoll 27 28 IV. Mandatory nature of art 99(3) According to art …”

Article 10 Notice S. 151-154

„… relation to the giving of notice for any purpose under the rules of the Common European Sales Law and the …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Article 10 Common European Sales Law (P) 114 Schulte-Nölke 12 A. Function The present article …” „… Common European Sales Law (P) 116 Schulte-Nölke 6 7 8 VII. Addressee impedes the receipt of notice The …”

Article 12 Unilateral statements or conduct S. 157-162

„… equivalent of a statement. Article 12 Common European Sales Law (P) 120 Schulte-Nölke 11 12 Contents A …” „… Common European Sales Law (P) 124 Schulte-Nölke 11 12 Part II Making a binding contract Chapter 2 …” „… protection. Fictitious aware- 3 Cf von Bar/Clive (eds), DCFR, Full Edition, p 572. Article 12 Common European …”

Article 59 Relevant matters S. 344-349

„… ), Ein einheitliches europäisches Kaufrecht?, pp 219 et seq. Article 59 Common European Sales Law (P) 308 …” „… Schmidt-Kessel (ed), Ein einheitliches europäisches Kaufrecht?, p 229. Article 59 Common European Sales Law (P …” „… the same expression is used 1 Cf art 4.2 UNIDROIT PICC. Article 60 Common European Sales Law (P) 312 …”

Article 78 Contract terms in favour of third parties S. 408-413

„… iden- 2 Lando/Beale (eds), PECL, Parts I and II, p 321. Article 78 Common European Sales Law (P) 372 …” „… Vogenauer/Kleinheisterkamp (eds), Commentary on UNIDROIT PICC, art 5.2.6 no 6. Article 78 Common European Sales Law (P) 374 …” „… ), Towards a European Contract Law, p 97. Intro to arts 79–86 Common European Sales Law (P) 376 …”

Article 94 Method of delivery S. 482-487

„… . Article 94 Common European Sales Law (P) 446 Zoll 3 4 5 6 which can be reconstructed on the base of the …” „… delivered together with the carried Article 94 Common European Sales Law (P) 448 Zoll 9 10 11 12 goods …” „… con- Article 95 Common European Sales Law (P) 450 Zoll 1 …”

Article 129 Taking delivery S. 602-605

„… . Article 129 Common European Sales Law (P) 566 Dannemann 4 5 6 7 8 der to deliver (no 10). Nevertheless …” „… Schlechtriem/Schwenzer (eds), Commentary on CISG, art 60 no 8. Article 130 Common European Sales Law (P) 568 Dannemann 11 …” „… on sales contracts. II. Relationship to other legal acts of the EU Art 18 Dir No 2011/83/EU contains …”

Article 13 Duty to provide information when concluding a distance or off-premises contract S. 164-171

„… related right of withdrawal and the duty to inform about such rights. Article 13 Common European Sales Law …” „… /EC. Article 13 Common European Sales Law (P) 130 Howells/Watson 6 7 8 9 within the exception and the …” „… . 12 Art 7(3) Dir No 97/7/EC. Article 13 Common European Sales Law (P) 132 Howells/Watson 14 15 16 17 …”

Article 29 Remedies for breach of information duties S. 212-216

„… 262. Article 29 Common European Sales Law (P) 176 Howells/Watson 1 2 3 4 5 meant a party entered this …” „… 3 RegCESL (P), which states ‘the parties may agree the Common European Sales Law governs their …” „… on the measure of damages. 12 Art 6(1) Dir No 97/7/EC. Article 29 Common European Sales Law (P) 178 …”

Article 155 Remedies of the customer S. 666-668

„… Common European Sales Law COM(2011) 635 final – Much ado about nothing?’, (2012) ERPL, forthcoming …” „… . Article 155 Common European Sales Law (P) 630 Zoll/Watson 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 not easy to comprehend. Usually …” „… installation under a consumer sales contract as referred to in Article 101 the consumer’s remedies are not …”

Article 80 Exclusions from unfairness test S. 415-417

„… reflect rules of the Common European Sales Law which would apply if the terms did not regulate the matter …” „… trader has no effect. Article 81 Common European Sales Law (P) 380 Mazeaud/Sauphanor-Brouillaud 7 1 2 3 …” „… European Sales Law (P) 378 Mazeaud/Sauphanor-Brouillaud 6 7 8 1 CESL (P) if the parties have not made an …”

Article 44 Obligations of the trader in the event of withdrawal S. 273-278

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Article 44 Common European Sales Law (P) 236 Schulze 11 A. Function Art 44 defines the …” „… 6 Dir No 97/7/EC. Article 44 Common European Sales Law (P) 238 Schulze 5 6 III. Right to withhold …” „… not been fulfilled once the fourteen day period has expired. Article 44 Common European Sales Law (P …”

Article 177 Mandatory nature S. 756-759

„… them from doing so. Article 177 Common European Sales Law (P) 720 Lehmann 5 6 7 8 9 In sum, art 177 …” „… European Sales Law (P) 722 Møgelvang-Hansen 1 2 …” „… This is in line with the traditional civil law approach. According to the common law tradition, such …”

Article 178 Rights subject to prescription S. 759-762

„… ), UNIDROIT PICC, and LPISG. Article 178 Common European Sales Law (P) 724 Møgelvang-Hansen 7 8 9 10 rules …” „… European Sales Law (P) 722 Møgelvang-Hansen 1 2 From a public policy perspective it is desirable also that …” „… This is in line with the traditional civil law approach. According to the common law tradition, such …”

Article 96 Seller’s obligations regarding carriage of the goods S. 490-494

„… carriage, must conclude such contracts Article 96 Common European Sales Law (P) 454 Zoll 1 2 3 4 5 6 …” „… European Sales Law (P) 456 Zoll 12 13 14 15 duty to provide this information without the request of the …” „… seller is obliged, according to the contract of sale, to arrange the carriage. The problem with art 96 is …”

Article 123 Main obligations of the buyer Dannemann S. 570-574

„… . However, a breach of a main obligation can indicate that non-per- Article 123 Common European Sales Law (P …” „… , where a seller will not have any right that the Article 123 Common European Sales Law (P) 536 Dannemann …” „… of adding contracts for digital content to the scope of sales law in the CESL. However, while a …”

Article 172 Restitution on avoidance or termination S. 716-728

„… 172 Common European Sales Law (P) 680 Lehmann 1 2 3 4 Partial performances remain untouched At the …” „… Cf art II.–7:212(2) DCFR. Article 172 Common European Sales Law (P) 682 Lehmann 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 …” „… Common European Sales Law (P) 688 Lehmann 49 50 51 52 53 54 ground for termination, eg non-performance …”

Article 68 Contract terms which may be implied S. 371-374

„… parties, any usage or practice or any rule of the Common European Sales Law, an additional contract term …” „… . Article 68 Common European Sales Law (P) 334 Kieninger 12 1 B. Context On the European level, models for …” „… (eds), PECL, Parts I and II, p 303. Article 68 Common European Sales Law (P) 336 Kieninger 7 8 III …”

Article 58 General rules on interpretation of contracts Wendehorst S. 340-344

„… , art 4.1 nos 5 et seq. Article 58 Common European Sales Law (P) 304 Wendehorst 2 3 4 C. Explanation I …” „… This was not intended, cf von Bar/Clive (eds), DCFR, Full Edition, p 556. Article 58 Common European …” „… Sales Law (P) 306 Wendehorst 10 11 12 Article 59 Relevant matters In interpreting a contract, regard may …”

Article 124 Means of payment S. 574-580

„… the payee. Article 124 Common European Sales Law (P) 540 Dannemann 13 14 itated procedures which are …” „… Common European Sales Law (P) 542 Dannemann 19 20 21 22 art 124(4) states that the consumer is ‘not …” „… and users, some provisions affect the relationship between payor and Article 124 Common European Sales …”

Article 31 Offer S. 221-225

„… on CISG, Intro to arts 14–24 no 26. Article 31 Common European Sales Law (P) 184 Terryn 12 13 …” „… Schlechtriem/Schwenzer (eds), Commentary on CISG, art 14 no 9. Article 31 Common European Sales Law (P) 186 Terryn 4 5 6 …” „… (eds), Commentary on UNIDROIT PICC, art 2.1.3. no 1. Article 32 Common European Sales Law (P) 188 …”

Article 111 Consumer’s choice between repair and replacement S. 544-548

„… from electronic equipment etc. 3. Article 111 Common European Sales Law (P) 510 Zoll 12 13 14 15 16 17 …” „… European Sales Law (P) 508 Zoll 1 2 B. Explanation I. The consumer’s choice between repair or replacement …” „… (P) differs at this point from the Consumer Sales Directive and its interpretation expressed by the …”

Article 142 Passing of risk in a consumer sales contract S. 642-645

„… is concerned cf pp 494–495. Article 142 Common European Sales Law (P) 606 Zoll/Watson 2 3 4 5 6 7 art …” „… risk can be passed to the buyer depending on the type of sale. Article 143 Common European Sales Law (P …” „… 2 Passing of risk in consumer sales contracts Article 142 Passing of risk in a consumer sales …”

Article 48 Mistake S. 291-301

„… et seq; Lando/Beale (eds), PECL, Parts I and II, 230. Article 48 Common European Sales Law (P) 256 …” „… , p 154. 12 Von Bar/Clive (eds), DCFR, Full Edition, p 459. Article 48 Common European Sales Law (P …” „… 460. Article 48 Common European Sales Law (P) 262 Pfeiffer 32 33 34 35 36 in the latter provision …”

Article 133 Right to withhold performance S. 619-623

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Article 133 Common European Sales Law (P) 582 Dannemann A. Function I. Main ideas, underlying …” „… - Article 133 Common European Sales Law (P) 584 Dannemann 8 9 10 11 12 fusal for anticipated non-performance …” „… Chapter 13. Art 134 corresponds to Article 134 Common European Sales Law (P) 586 Dannemann 17 1 2 …”

Article 148 Obligation to achieve result and obligation of care and skill S. 655-657

„… europäisches Kaufrecht, p 290. Article 148 Common European Sales Law (P) 618 Zoll/Watson 1 2 which are mostly a …” „… for a Common European Sales Law COM(2011) 635 final – Much ado about nothing?’, (2012) ER- PL …” „… , ‘Dienstleistungsverträge’, in Wendehorst/Zöchling-Jud (eds), Am Vorabend eines GEK, p 180. Article 149 Common European …”

Article 86 Meaning of ‘unfair’ in contracts between traders S. 430-433

„… such ex- Article 86 Common European Sales Law (P) 394 Mazeaud/Sauphanor-Brouillaud 2 3 4 5 6 tension is …” „… Article 87 Common European Sales Law (P) 396 Zoll …” „… and Non-negotiated Terms’, in Schulze/Stuyck (eds), Towards a European Contract Law, pp 123–124, 128 …”

Article 38 Modified acceptance S. 237-241

„… ), Commentary on UNIDROIT PICC, art 2.1.9 no 1. Article 38 Common European Sales Law (P) 200 Terryn 9 Contents A …” „… , Full Edition, p 324. Article 38 Common European Sales Law (P) 202 Terryn 6 7 8 9 10 the offeree makes …” „… Common European Sales Law (P) 204 Terryn 1 2 3 …”

Article 131 Overview of seller’s remedies Dannemann S. 611-614

„… 131 Common European Sales Law (P) 574 Dannemann 1 II. Position within CESL (P) Art 131 heads Chapter …” „… 131 Common European Sales Law (P) 576 Dannemann 9 10 11 IV. Cumulation of remedies Cf art 106 no 4. In …” „… legal acts of the EU Neither the Consumer Sales Directive nor the Consumer Rights Directive contain …”

Article 5 Reasonableness S. 134-140

„… seq), it can be demonstrated that there is still Article 5 Common European Sales Law (P) 98 …” „… . Article 5 Common European Sales Law (P) 100 Schulte-Nölke 8 9 10 11 12 – (r) …‘subject performance of …” „… Common European Sales Law, a contract, statement or any other act which is governed by it need not be …”

Article 39 Conflicting standard contract terms S. 241-246

„… Common European Sales Law (P) 204 Terryn 1 2 3 C. Explanation I. Scope of application The article only …” „… , art 2.1.22 no 5. 7 Explanatory Memorandum CESL (P), p 6. Article 39 Common European Sales Law (P) 206 …” „… such standard choice of law clause (art 39). Article 39 Common European Sales Law (P) 208 Terryn 15 …”

List of contributors S. 18-20

„… ) CESL Common European Sales Law CESL Annex II (P) Annex II of the Proposal for a Regulation of the …” „… European Parliament and of the Council on a Common European Sales Law, COM(2011) 635 final CESL (FS …” „… ) Feasibility Study carried out by the Expert Group on European contract law for stakeholders' and legal …”

Article 41 Exercise of right to withdraw S. 260-265

„… nos 5–8). 1. Article 41 Common European Sales Law (P) 224 Schulze 1 2 3 4 Notice via model withdrawal …” „… in Spain art 70 Legislative Decree 1/2007 of 16.11.2007. Article 41 Common European Sales Law (P) 226 …” „… ) NJW 1052. Article 42 Common European Sales Law (P) 228 Schulze 14 …”

Article 139 Loss of right to terminate S. 635-639

„… 140 Common European Sales Law (P) 602 Zoll/Watson 1 2 3 4 …” „… European Sales Law (P) 600 Dannemann 7 8 9 10 does not conform to the contract, but it is not evident why …” „… Fountolakis, in Schlechtriem/Schwenzer (eds), Commentary on CISG, art 26 no 6. Article 139 Common European …”

Article 11 Computation of time S. 154-157

„… purpose under the Common European Sales Law. 2. Subject to paragraphs 3 to 7: (a) a period expressed in …” „… Common European Sales Law (P) 118 Schulte-Nölke 1 2 3 II. Start and end of period expressed in days …” „… equivalent of a statement. Article 12 Common European Sales Law (P) 120 Schulte-Nölke 11 12 …”

Article 69 Contract terms derived from certain pre-contractual statements S. 374-380

„… 238. Article 69 Common European Sales Law (P) 342 Kieninger 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 sors of the CESL (ie …” „… pre-contractual statements made by the buyer, eg on the intended use of the goods. Article 69 Common European …” „… Sales Law (P) 338 Kieninger 1 B. Context Art 69 has precursors in both the PECL and the DCFR. But …”

Article 137 Scope of right to terminate S. 630-633

„… and package tours [1990] OJ L158/59. Article 137 Common European Sales Law (P) 594 Dannemann 2 3 4 5 6 …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Article 138 Common European Sales Law (P) 596 Dannemann 14 15 16 …” „… fully paid. (A similar remedy may also be available under the applicable insolvency law.) Article 137 …”

Article 83 Meaning of ‘unfair’ in contracts between a trader and a consumer S. 419-423

„… . Article 83 Common European Sales Law (P) 382 Mazeaud/Sauphanor-Brouillaud 6 7 8 Contents A. Function …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Article 84 Common European Sales Law (P) 386 Mazeaud/Sauphanor-Brouillaud …” „… Between Businesses’, in Schulze/Stuyck (eds), Towards a European Contract Law, p 142. Article 83 Common …”

Article 89 Change of circumstances S. 452-463

„… ’, in Wendehorst/Zöchling-Jud (eds), Am Vorabend eines GEK, p 115. Article 89 Common European Sales Law …” „… . Article 89 Common European Sales Law (P) 418 Zoll 6 7 8 9 10 requirements (eg fundamental non-performance …” „… GEK, p 117. Article 89 Common European Sales Law (P) 420 Zoll 15 16 17 18 19 if the change in …”

Article 70 Duty to raise awareness of not individually negotiated contract terms S. 380-385

„… altered: while in the CESL (FS), the consequence was Article 70 Common European Sales Law (P) 344 …” „… , An Optional Common European Sales Law: Advantages and Problems. Advice to the UK Government, November …” „… Common European Sales Law (P) 346 Kieninger 9 10 11 12 IV. Mandatory nature Art 70(3) sets forth the …”

Article 132 Requiring performance of buyer’s obligations S. 614-619

„… PECL. Article 132 Common European Sales Law (P) 578 Dannemann 1 2 3 4 5 6 C. Explanation Art 132 …” „… Edition, p 825. Article 132 Common European Sales Law (P) 580 Dannemann 12 13 14 15 tion’.4 Failure to do …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Article 133 Common European Sales Law (P) 582 Dannemann …”

Article 36 Time limit for acceptance S. 233-235

„… Schulze/Stuyck (eds), Towards a European Contract Law, p 86. Article 36 Common European Sales Law (P) 196 Terryn …” „… , p 320; Lando/Beale (eds), PECL, Parts I and II, p 175. Article 37 Common European Sales Law (P) 198 …” „… into account. The CESL (P) only applies to sales contracts, contracts for the supply of digital content …”

Article 149 Obligation to prevent damage S. 657-659

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Article 151 Common European Sales Law (P) 622 Zoll/Watson 8 1 2 …” „… , ‘Dienstleistungsverträge’, in Wendehorst/Zöchling-Jud (eds), Am Vorabend eines GEK, p 180. Article 149 Common European …” „… Sales Law (P) 620 Zoll/Watson 8 9 10 11 1 It could be questioned whether a duty to prevent damage is …”

Article 159 Right to damages S. 672-676

„… 159 Common European Sales Law (P) 638 Možina 10 11 term excluding or limiting liability for damages is …” „… European Sales Law (P) 636 Možina 2 3 4 5 The scope of liability for loss is limited only by the …” „… modern international and European projects on uniform contract law. The source of art 159 is art III …”

Article 186 Agreements concerning prescription S. 777-780

„… ), DCFR, Full Edition, p 1197. Article 186 Common European Sales Law (P) 740 Møgelvang-Hansen 7 1 B …” „… clear on this point. Article 186 Common European Sales Law (P) 742 Møgelvang-Hansen 8 9 Appendix 1 Model …” „… reaction to the widespread tradition of mandatory prescription rules in national law.6 A comprehensive …”

Introduction to arts 30–39 S. 216-217

„… effect; and (c) the agreement, supplemented if necessary by rules of the Common European Sales Law, has …” „… Memorandum CESL (P), p 6. Article 30 Common European Sales Law (P) 180 Terryn 4 1 …” „… contract’, in Schulze/Stuyck (eds), Towards a European Contract Law, p 89. 5 Jansen/Zimmermann, (2011) 31/4 …”

Article 109 Cure by the seller S. 532-540

„… , (2011) ERPL 895. Article 109 Common European Sales Law (P) 496 Zoll 1 2 tainability of the contract, eg …” „… and DCFR, Kruisinga, (2011) ERPL 911. Article 109 Common European Sales Law (P) 498 Zoll 6 7 8 cure …” „… that the term ‘promptly’ is not determinative enough. Article 109 Common European Sales Law (P) 500 …”

Article 134 Termination for fundamental non-performance S. 623-625

„… Chapter 13. Art 134 corresponds to Article 134 Common European Sales Law (P) 586 Dannemann 17 1 2 art 114 …” „… performance. Article 135 Common European Sales Law (P) 588 Dannemann 8 1 2 …” „… the notice, termination takes effect after that period without further notice. 4. In a consumer sales …”

Article 174 Payment for use and interest on money received S. 741-747

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Article 174 Common European Sales Law (P) 704 Lehmann 70 3. Fraud, threats and unfair exploitation …” „… . 5 Art 84(1) CISG. 6 Cf eg art 1378 French Cc. Article 174 Common European Sales Law (P) 706 Lehmann …” „… digital content from being lost or Article 175 Common European Sales Law (P) 710 Lehmann 26 27 28 29 30 …”

Article 152 Obligation to warn of unexpected or uneconomic cost S. 661-664

„… Common European Sales Law (P) 624 Zoll/Watson 6 1 price to be paid can only be calculated once the …” „… Services in the Commission Proposal for a Common European Sales Law COM(2011) 635 final – Much ado about …” „… nothing?’, (2012) ERPL, forthcoming. Article 152 Common European Sales Law (P) 626 Zoll/Watson 7 8 9 10 11 …”

Article 16 Information about the contract terms S. 176-179

„… particular art 6(1)(g), (n) and (q). 3 Art 17 Dir No 2005/29/EC. Article 16 Common European Sales Law (P) 140 …” „… draft. Article 17 Common European Sales Law (P) 142 Howells/Watson 9 10 11 …” „… in art 13(1)(d). B. Context In the context of the sale of goods to consumers, the information about …”

Article 128 Imputation of payment S. 595-602

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Article 128 Common European Sales Law (P) 558 Dannemann V. Time-barred debts …” „… ), Commentary on UNIDROIT PICC, art 6.1.12 no 5. Article 128 Common European Sales Law (P) 560 Dannemann 6 7 8 9 …” „… Vogenauer/Kleinheisterkamp (eds), Commentary on UNIDROIT PICC, art 6.1.12 no 9. Article 128 Common European Sales Law (P) 562 …”

Article 175 Compensation for expenditure S. 747-751

„… digital content from being lost or Article 175 Common European Sales Law (P) 710 Lehmann 26 27 28 29 30 …” „… .–3:512(3)(b) DCFR. Article 175 Common European Sales Law (P) 712 Lehmann 4 5 6 7 8 9 II. Good or bad faith …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Article 176 Common European Sales Law (P) 714 Lehmann 16 17 18 19 …”

Article 125 Place of payment S. 580-584

„… pre-contractual information duties, as in art 5(1)(d) Dir No 2011/83/EU. Article 125 Common European Sales Law (P …” „… Vogenauer/Kleinheisterkamp (eds), Commentary on UNIDROIT PICC, art 6.1.7 nos 14–15. Article 125 Common European Sales Law (P …” „… outside the scope of CESL (P) and is thus governed by domestic law (art 11 no 9). Alternatively, giving an …”

Article 100 Criteria for conformity of the goods and digital content S. 508-513

„… . Article 100 Common European Sales Law (P) 472 Zoll 1 In order to comply with the contract, all …” „… , ‘Leistungsstörungsrecht’, in Remien et al (eds), GEK für die EU?, p 165. Article 100 Common European Sales Law (P) 474 …” „… , ‘Leistungsstörungsrecht’, in Remien et al (eds), GEK für die EU?, p 168. Article 101 Common European Sales Law (P) 476 …”

Article 8 Termination of a contract Zoll S. 145-147

„… apply. Article 8 Common European Sales Law (P) 108 Zoll 1 2 3 Art 8 does not govern the effects of the …” „… (eds), GEK für die EU?, pp 189–194. Article 9 Common European Sales Law (P) 110 Schulte-Nölke 10 11 …” „… law. Art 8 does, however, formulate certain indications by declaring only the prospective effect of …”

Article 164 Substitute transaction S. 688-691

„… (eds), CISG, art 75 no 11. Article 164 Common European Sales Law (P) 652 Možina 1 2 3 4 creditor cannot …” „… 164). Article 165 Common European Sales Law (P) 654 Možina 1 2 3 …” „… transaction is higher (in the event of a cover purchase) or lower (in the event of a cover sale) than the …”

Article 35 Time of conclusion of the contract S. 231-233

„… Schulze/Stuyck (eds), Towards a European Contract Law, p 85. Article 35 Common European Sales Law (P) 194 Terryn …” „… European Contract Law, p 86. Article 36 Common European Sales Law (P) 196 Terryn 6 7 8 9 …” „… signal the deviation from the common law ‘mailbox rule’, according to which the contract comes into …”

Article 88 Excused non-performance S. 445-452

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Article 88 Common European Sales Law (P) 408 Zoll 40 41 A. Objectives Art 88(1) and (2) describes …” „… non-performance 3. 4. 5. Article 88 Common European Sales Law (P) 414 Zoll 18 19 20 21 22 cannot justify …” „… Parteien’, in Wendehorst/Zöchling-Jud (eds), Am Vorabend eines GEK, p 113. Article 88 Common European Sales …”

Article 17 Information about rights of withdrawal when concluding a distance or off-premises contract S. 179-182

„… Common European Sales Law (P) 142 Howells/Watson 9 10 11 5. Where a right of withdrawal is not provided …” „… . Article 17 Common European Sales Law (P) 144 Howells/Watson 4 5 6 D. Criticism Art 45(2) provides that the …” „… the legal rights under law. It could helpfully be made explicit that any automatic renewal is set out …”

Article 71 Additional payments in contracts between a trader and a consumer S. 385-388

„… 71 Common European Sales Law (P) 350 Kieninger 6 7 8 9 10 11 if the main obligation is stretched to …” „… Contracts’, in Kötz, Undogmatisches, Mohr Siebeck: Tübingen (2005), p 232. Article 71 Common European Sales …” „… Law (P) 348 Kieninger 18 19 20 I. Protecting consumers from additional payments …”

Article 14 Information about price and additional charges and costs S. 171-174

„… . Article 14 Common European Sales Law (P) 134 Howells/Watson 22 Contents A. Function …” „… )(e) Dir No 2011/83/EU. Article 14 Common European Sales Law (P) 136 Howells/Watson 6 7 8 9 Article 15 …” „… tional law until it is clear that the contract will be concluded on the basis of the CESL (P …”

Article 6 No form required S. 140-142

„… Article 6 No form required Unless otherwise stated in the Common European Sales Law, a contract …” „… www.uncitral.org/pdf/english/texts/arbitration/NY-conv/XXII_1_e.pdf (19.4.2012). Article 6 Common European Sales Law (P) 104 Schulte-Nölke 5 6 7 arbitration …” „… that there should be a provision in a national law that a contract falling under the CESL (P) needs to …”

Article 50 Threats S. 309-313

„… Kaufrecht?, p 188. Article 50 Common European Sales Law (P) 274 Pfeiffer 9 10 11 A wrongful act is any …” „… Article 51 Common European Sales Law (P) 276 Pfeiffer 18 19 …” „… European Sales Law (P) 272 Pfeiffer 1 2 3 4 Unlike art II.–7:206 DCFR, art 50 does not expressly address …”

Article 113 Right to withhold performance S. 551-553

„… . Article 113 Common European Sales Law (P) 514 Zoll 1 2 already received. The right to withhold performance …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Article 114 Common European Sales Law (P) 516 Zoll 9 …” „… non-performance under the contract is fundamental within the meaning of Article 87(2). 2. In a consumer sales …”

Article 116 Termination for anticipated non-performance S. 557-559

„… Vorabend eines GEK, pp 136–138. Article 116 Common European Sales Law (P) 520 Zoll 9 10 1 wait for the end …” „… part of it. Article 117 Common European Sales Law (P) 522 Zoll 1 2 …” „… the sales contract on the related service (cf art 137 no 7). In relation to mixed contracts art …”

Article 181 Suspension in case of judicial and other proceedings S. 767-771

„… Vogenauer/Kleisterkamp (eds), Commentary on UNIDROIT PICC, art 10.5 no 6. Article 181 Common European Sales Law (P) 732 …” „… , Full Edition, p 1178. Article 182 Common European Sales Law (P) 734 Møgelvang-Hansen 1 2 3 4 …” „… European Sales Law (P) 730 Møgelvang-Hansen 1 2 and (4) defines the legal proceedings etc, which may have …”

Article 74 Unilateral determination by a party S. 395-399

„… effects. Article 74 Common European Sales Law (P) 358 Kieninger 12 13 14 15 Contents A. Function …” „… 599; Lando/Beale (eds), PECL, Parts I and II, p 310. Article 74 Common European Sales Law (P) 360 …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Article 75 Common European Sales Law (P) 362 Kieninger 14 15 …”

Article 122 Requirement of notification of lack of conformity in sales contracts between traders S. 566-570

„… . Article 122 Common European Sales Law (P) 530 Zoll 1 2 B. Explanation I. Duty to notify the seller about …” „… of proof here rests with the buyer. 2. Article 122 Common European Sales Law (P) 532 Zoll 9 Chapter …” „… . Contracts involving the carriage of the goods If the contract of sales involves the carriage of the goods …”

Article 114 Termination for non-performance S. 553-555

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Article 114 Common European Sales Law (P) 516 Zoll 9 A. Objectives One of the central remedies in …” „… Entwurf für ein optionales europäisches Kaufrecht, pp 261–262. Article 115 Common European Sales Law (P …” „… of Article 87(2). 2. In a consumer sales contract and a contract for the supply of digital content …”

Article 25 Additional requirements in distance contracts concluded by electronic means S. 203-207

„… . Article 25 Common European Sales Law (P) 166 Howells/Watson 13 1 portunity to read and understand the main …” „… Common European Sales Law (P) 168 Howells/Watson 5 6 7 8 9 10 D. Criticism Although the article is …” „… Common European Sales Law (P) 170 Howells/Watson 1 2 …”

Article 34 Acceptance S. 229-231

„… Explanatory Memorandum CESL (P), p 8. 1 RegCESL (P), recital 27. Article 34 Common European Sales Law (P) 192 …” „… Schulze/Stuyck (eds), Towards a European Contract Law, p 85. Article 35 Common European Sales Law (P) 194 Terryn …” „… continue to be governed by the applicable national law.4 Article 34 Acceptance 1. Any form of statement or …”

Article 19 Distance contracts: additional information and other requirements S. 185-189

„… .–3:106(4) DCFR. 4 Art 20 CESL (FS). 5 Art 8 Dir No 2011/83/EU. Article 19 Common European Sales Law (P) 150 …” „… provision of the related service begins, unless the 4 Cf art II.–3:106(4) DCFR. Article 19 Common European …” „… Sales Law (P) 148 Howells/Watson information has already been given to the consumer prior to the …”

Article 170 Unfair contract terms relating to interest for late payment S. 711-715

„… (per se) unfair, 1 Dir No 2011/7/EU, recital 28. Article 170 Common European Sales Law (P) 674 Možina 1 …” „… . Article 170 Common European Sales Law (P) 676 Možina 6 7 8 9 delivery, 30 days after delivery. If the …” „… . Article 171 Common European Sales Law (P) 678 Možina 1 …”

Article 154 Provision of access S. 665-666

„… europäisches Kaufrecht, pp 292–293. Article 154 Common European Sales Law (P) 628 Zoll/Watson 5 1 2 154 could …” „… accordance with the applicable sales law provisions or whether one is to apply different rules to different …” „… a ‘related services contract’ may also be part of a sales contract is not acknowledged by the norm …”

Article 107 Limitation of remedies for digital content not supplied in exchange for a price S. 529-531

„… ; Feltkamp/Vanbossele, (2011) ERPL 891–892. Article 107 Common European Sales Law (P) 492 Zoll 4 5 6 7 106(1). The buyer …” „… ’, Zentrum für Europäisches Wirtschaftsrecht No 196, pp 45–48. Article 108 Common European Sales Law (P) 494 …” „… provisions of the CESL (P) governing the contract of sales apply to all of these contracts. In the case of …”

Article 145 Carriage of the goods S. 648-650

„… ), Commentary on CISG, art 67 no 10. Article 145 Common European Sales Law (P) 612 Zoll/Watson 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 …” „… place of business, eg in ‘ex warehouse’, ‘ex works’ or ‘ex quay’ sales or delivery by the seller to the …” „… applies to a contract of sale which involves carriage of goods. 2. If the seller is not bound to hand over …”

Article 57 Choice of remedy S. 337-340

„… of Chapter 5 apply according to their regular requirements. Article 57 Common European Sales Law (P …” „… European Sales Law (P) 300 Pfeiffer 10 11 12 1 seller’s remedies under arts 131 et seq, eg if there is …” „… regard to 3 Kramer, (1999) ZEuP 225. 4 Von Bar/Clive (eds), DCFR, Full Edition, p 533. Article 57 Common …”

Article 106 Overview of buyer’s remedies S. 527-529

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Article 106 Common European Sales Law (P) 490 Zoll A. Objectives Art 106 plays mostly an …” „… , p 257; Feltkamp/Vanbossele, (2011) ERPL 891–892. Article 107 Common European Sales Law (P) 492 Zoll …” „… of the contract; the subsequent sets of rules on European contract law have also restated this idea …”

Article 79 Effects of unfair contract terms S. 414-415

„… reflect rules of the Common European Sales Law which would apply if the terms did not regulate the matter …” „… European Sales Law (P) 378 Mazeaud/Sauphanor-Brouillaud 6 7 8 1 …” „… . It contains two different exclusion rules: firstly, for non-mandatory rules of the Article 80 Common …”

Article 135 Termination for delay after notice fixing additional time for performance S. 625-628

„… performance. Article 135 Common European Sales Law (P) 588 Dannemann 8 1 2 III. Scope of application While art …” „… option. Article 135 Common European Sales Law (P) 590 Dannemann 9 10 11 12 13 the buyer, eg by allowing …” „… consumer sales contract, the parties may not, to the detriment of the consumer, exclude the application of …”

Article 184 Renewal by acknowledgement S. 773-775

„… Common European Sales Law (P) 736 Møgelvang-Hansen 3 4 5 A. Function When the debtor acknowledges the …” „… Common European Sales Law (P) 738 Møgelvang-Hansen 8 1 …” „… national law is necessary (cf recital 27 of RegCESL [P]). Consequently, the question of legal capacity to …”

Article 141 Identification of goods or digital content to contract S. 640-642

„… , Full Edition, p 1374. Article 141 Common European Sales Law (P) 604 Zoll/Watson 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 The …” „… covered by the notion of ‘supply of digital content’. In contracts that are more ‘sales like’ it is …” „… risk. It is the consequence of the old Roman law rule genus non peritur. Until the point of the …”

Article 153 Payment of the price S. 664-665

„… europäisches Kaufrecht, pp 292–293. Article 154 Common European Sales Law (P) 628 Zoll/Watson 5 1 2 …” „… also be part of a sales contract is not acknowledged by the norm – the question can be raised of …” „… whether – in cases of lump sum payment – the payment should follow in accordance with the applicable sales …”

Article 45 Obligations of the consumer in the event of withdrawal S. 278-284

„… 45 (eg in paragraph 2). The absence of Article 45 Common European Sales Law (P) 242 Schulze 1 2 3 …” „… forthcoming. Article 45 Common European Sales Law (P) 244 Schulze 9 10 11 12 13 Testing the goods Paragraph 3 …” „… 139–140. Article 45 Common European Sales Law (P) 246 Schulze 18 19 20 21 service during the withdrawal …”

Article 185 Effects of prescription S. 775-777

„… Common European Sales Law (P) 738 Møgelvang-Hansen 8 1 often found in national law to avoid some of most …” „… ), DCFR, Full Edition, p 1197. Article 186 Common European Sales Law (P) 740 Møgelvang-Hansen 7 1 …” „… relevant conflict of law rule. Art 185(2) excludes restitution in cases where the debtor has performed …”

Article 24 Additional duties to provide information in distance contracts concluded by electronic means S. 200-203

„… . Article 25 Common European Sales Law (P) 166 Howells/Watson 13 1 …” „… European Sales Law (P) 164 Howells/Watson 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ed broadly to cover all information entered by the …” „… ), 3:201, 3:202(1) DCFR. 2 Art 26 CESL (FS) May draft; art 25 CESL (FS) August draft. Article 24 Common …”

Article 167 Interest when the debtor is a consumer S. 698-704

„… rules on interest for delayed payments with regard to consumers. Article 167 Common European Sales Law …” „… - Article 167 Common European Sales Law (P) 664 Možina 8 9 10 11 12 13 pends on the fact that a contract …” „… ), Am Vorabend eines GEK, p 239. Article 167 Common European Sales Law (P) 666 Možina 18 Section 3 Late …”

Article 47 Mandatory nature S. 288-291

„… , Contract II, pp 237–239. Article 47 Common European Sales Law (P) 252 Schulze 1 2 3 4 5 withdrawal period …” „… European Sales Law (P) 254 Pfeiffer …” „… b) Contracts governed by national law. If the ancillary contract is governed by national law, ie …”

Article 120 Right to reduce price S. 563-565

„… to. Article 120 Common European Sales Law (P) 526 Zoll 1 2 B. Explanation I. Price reduction as the …” „… Feltkamp/Vanbossele, (2011) ERPL 895–896. Article 121 Common European Sales Law (P) 528 Zoll 1 2 …”

Article 151 Obligation to provide invoice S. 659-661

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Article 151 Common European Sales Law (P) 622 Zoll/Watson 8 1 2 A. Function In contracts for goods …” „… Common European Sales Law (P) 624 Zoll/Watson 6 1 …”

Article 28 Duty to ensure that information supplied is correct S. 209-212

„… No 2011/83/EU. Article 28 Common European Sales Law (P) 172 Howells/Watson 2 3 4 5 3. In relations …” „… . Article 28 Common European Sales Law (P) 174 Howells/Watson 4 5 6 7 D. Criticism For B2C contracts there …” „… , ‘General Introduction’, in Sefton-Green (ed), Mistake, Fraud and Duties to Inform in European Contract Law …”

Article 166 Interest on late payments S. 692-698

„… 166 Common European Sales Law (P) 656 Možina 1 2 3 from delaying the due payment of the debtor.2 On …” „… on CISG, art 78 no 13. Article 166 Common European Sales Law (P) 658 Možina 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 crue if …” „… VerzugsRL no 26. 18 Cf ecb.int (15.2.2012). 19 Art 2(4) Dir No 2000/35/EC. Article 166 Common European Sales …”

Appendix 1 Model instructions on withdrawal S. 780-784

„… in proportion to Appendix 1 Common European Sales Law (P) 744 what has been provided until you …” „… are not put up for sale in a limited volume or set quantity, of district heating or of digital content …” „… sales contract: ‘on which you acquire, or a third party other than the carrier and indicated by you …”

Introduction to arts 13–29 Howells/Watson S. 162-164

„… 9 RegCESL (P). 4 Art 9(2) RegCESL (P). 5 Art 9(2) RegCESL (P). Intro to arts 13–29 Common European …” „… Sales Law (P) 126 Howells/Watson 3 4 5 6 is a theoretical debate about the impact of the right of …” „… information advantage, but in the typical sales model there is normally good reason why the seller should be …”

Article 63 Preference for interpretation which gives contract terms effect S. 354-357

„… and II, p 297; von Bar/Clive (eds), DCFR, Full Edition, p 569. Article 63 Common European Sales Law (P …” „… specialis to art 65, art 82 applies cumulatively. Article 64 Common European Sales Law (P) 320 Wendehorst 1 …” „… rule in art 58 according to which the common intention of the parties, if it can be ascertained …”

Article 37 Late acceptance S. 235-237

„… , p 320; Lando/Beale (eds), PECL, Parts I and II, p 175. Article 37 Common European Sales Law (P) 198 …” „… ), Commentary on UNIDROIT PICC, art 2.1.9 no 1. Article 38 Common European Sales Law (P) 200 Terryn 9 …”

Article 138 Notice of termination S. 633-635

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Article 138 Common European Sales Law (P) 596 Dannemann 14 15 16 B. Context …” „… Fountolakis, in Schlechtriem/Schwenzer (eds), Commentary on CISG, art 26 no 6. Article 139 Common European …” „… Sales Law (P) 598 Dannemann 8 9 10 …”

Article 54 Effects of avoidance S. 327-330

„… Edition, p 524. Article 54 Common European Sales Law (P) 290 Pfeiffer 1 2 II. Position within the system …” „… . Article 54 Common European Sales Law (P) 292 Pfeiffer 9 10 11 12 13 14 essential for the contract as a …” „… addition to an avoidance right. III. Scope of application Art 54 is general contract law; it applies to B2B …”

Article 180 Commencement S. 764-767

„… European Sales Law (P) 728 Møgelvang-Hansen 2 3 4 5 6 7 exercise the right, the so-called discoverability …” „… European Sales Law (P) 730 Møgelvang-Hansen 1 2 …” „… D. Criticism Although there is a general trend in international and national law towards shorter …”

Article 115 Termination for delay in delivery after notice fixing additional time for performance S. 555-557

„… Entwurf für ein optionales europäisches Kaufrecht, pp 261–262. Article 115 Common European Sales Law (P …” „… Vorabend eines GEK, pp 136–138. Article 116 Common European Sales Law (P) 520 Zoll 9 10 1 …”

Article 119 Loss of right to terminate S. 561-563

„… Wendehorst/Zöchling-Jud (eds), Am Vorabend eines GEK, p 138. Article 119 Common European Sales Law (P) 524 Zoll 2 1 2 the …” „… to. Article 120 Common European Sales Law (P) 526 Zoll 1 2 …”

Article 52 Notice of avoidance S. 321-324

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Article 52 Common European Sales Law (P) 284 Pfeiffer 33 A. Function I. Main ideas, underlying …” „… Edition, p 519. 5 Von Bar/Clive (eds), DCFR, Full Edition, p 518. Article 52 Common European Sales Law (P …” „… provision of general contract law; it applies to B2B as well as to B2C contracts. There is no …”

Article 75 Determination by a third party S. 399-402

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Article 75 Common European Sales Law (P) 362 Kieninger 14 15 A. Function Art 75 continues the …” „… (eds), PECL, Parts I and II, p 312. Article 75 Common European Sales Law (P) 364 Kieninger 6 7 8 …” „… 1 and will thus be governed by national law. As art 6(7) Dir No 2011/83/EU allows the Member States …”

Article 143 Time when risk passes S. 645-646

„… risk can be passed to the buyer depending on the type of sale. Article 143 Common European Sales Law (P …” „… . In referring to exceptions relevant to the various sales scenarios, art 143 can be considered a …”

Article 53 Confirmation S. 324-327

„… UNIDROIT PICC. Article 53 Common European Sales Law (P) 288 Pfeiffer 1 2 3 4 5 6 C. Explanation A …” „… Edition, p 524. Article 54 Common European Sales Law (P) 290 Pfeiffer 1 2 …” „… (recital 27 of RegCESL [P]). It is therefore a matter of the applicable national law to decide who may …”

Article 56 Exclusion or restriction of remedies S. 334-337

„… such an agreement, von Bar/Clive (eds), DCFR, Full Edition, p 533. Article 56 Common European Sales Law …” „… European Sales Law (P) 300 Pfeiffer 10 11 12 1 …” „… and their prerequisites are mandatory law. With regard to mistake, the situation is different insofar …”

Article 121 Examination of the goods in contracts between traders S. 565-566

„… Feltkamp/Vanbossele, (2011) ERPL 895–896. Article 121 Common European Sales Law (P) 528 Zoll 1 2 B. Explanation I …” „… carriage of the goods If the contract of sales involves the carriage of the goods, paragraph 2 determines …” „… . Article 122 Requirement of notification of lack of conformity in sales contracts between traders 1. In a …”

Article 140 Effect of passing of risk S. 639-640

„… 140 Common European Sales Law (P) 602 Zoll/Watson 1 2 3 4 C. Explanation Art 140 determines the effect …” „… the sale of goods or supply of digital content governed by the CESL (P). Art 140 governs the so-called …” „… that are more ‘sales like’ it is possible to apply the rules on the passing of the risk to the …”

Article 85 Contract terms which are presumed to be unfair S. 426-430

„… performance; Article 85 Common European Sales Law (P) 390 Mazeaud/Sauphanor-Brouillaud (o) allow a trader to …” „… Common European Sales Law (P) 392 Mazeaud/Sauphanor-Brouillaud 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 superfluous and some …” „… and Non-negotiated Terms’, in Schulze/Stuyck (eds), Towards a European Contract Law, pp 123–124, 128 …”

Article 112 Return of replaced item S. 548-551

„… -2685. Article 112 Common European Sales Law (P) 512 Zoll 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 client with functioning …” „… . Article 113 Common European Sales Law (P) 514 Zoll 1 2 …” „… is remedied by replacement. It is a common provision for all kinds of personal configurations covered …”

Article 26 Burden of proof S. 207-208

„… Common European Sales Law (P) 170 Howells/Watson 1 2 C. Explanation The burden of proof extends to the …” „… introduced and records kept traders should be able relatively easily to satisfy the court to the civil law …” „… has to consider that the sales method used by the trader may restrict the opportunity for the consumer …”

Article 27 Mandatory nature S. 208-209

„… No 2011/83/EU. Article 28 Common European Sales Law (P) 172 Howells/Watson 2 3 4 5 …” „… has to consider that the sales method used by the trader may restrict the opportunity for the consumer …” „… . Context It is a familiar technique in EU and national consumer law to make the consumer rights …”

Article 32 Revocation of offer S. 225-228

„… (eds), Commentary on UNIDROIT PICC, art 2.1.3. no 1. Article 32 Common European Sales Law (P) 188 …” „… . Article 32 Common European Sales Law (P) 190 Terryn 4 5 6 7 IV. Consequence of the revocation of an …”

Article 169 Compensation for recovery costs S. 708-711

„… (per se) unfair, 1 Dir No 2011/7/EU, recital 28. Article 170 Common European Sales Law (P) 674 Možina 1 …” „… European Sales Law (P) 672 Možina 1 2 3 4 tent, or related services. A delay in payment of other monetary …” „… the payment of the price of goods, digital con- 1 Art 6(3) Dir No 2011/7/EU. Article 169 Common …”

Article 22 Mandatory nature S. 194-195

„… 2011/83/EU. Article 23 Common European Sales Law (P) 158 Howells/Watson 2 3 4 …” „… familiar technique in EU and national consumer law to make the consumer rights non-excludable. Such a …” „… information about goods and related services 1. Before the conclusion of a contract for the sale of goods …”

Article 18 Off-premises contracts: additional information requirements and confirmation S. 182-185

„… Carey v HSBC [2009] EWHC 3417 (QB). Article 18 Common European Sales Law (P) 146 Howells/Watson 1 2 3 4 …” „… related service begins, unless the 4 Cf art II.–3:106(4) DCFR. Article 19 Common European Sales Law (P …” „… is complex and, as litigation in English consumer credit law has shown, it need not require direct …”

Article 72 Merger clauses S. 388-391

„… Article 72 Common European Sales Law (P) 352 Kieninger 1 2 3 4 5 or pre-agreements reached.1 Rather than …” „… price. Article 73 Common European Sales Law (P) 354 Kieninger 10 11 12 13 14 …” „… classic merger clause rule of art 72(1) is an integral part of a code on contract law for B2B-transactions …”

Article 84 Contract terms which are always unfair S. 423-426

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Article 84 Common European Sales Law (P) 386 Mazeaud/Sauphanor-Brouillaud A. Function Art 84 …” „… European Sales Law (P) 388 Mazeaud/Sauphanor-Brouillaud 7 8 9 10 11 III. Liability in the event of …” „… rights that it has obtained by virtue of contract law. Finally, terms were introduced in this category …”

Article 161 Foreseeability of loss S. 682-684

„… , art 74 CISG no 36. Article 161 Common European Sales Law (P) 646 Možina 3 4 5 6 foreseen the loss with …” „… modern international and European projects on uniform contract law. Art 161 1 Schwenzer, in …” „… or loss of enjoyment as a consequence of a breach of a (sales) contract, their exclusion in the CESL …”

Article 64 Interpretation in favour of consumers S. 357-360

„… specialis to art 65, art 82 applies cumulatively. Article 64 Common European Sales Law (P) 320 Wendehorst 1 …” „… there is no real doubt about what the parties intended. 1. Article 64 Common European Sales Law (P) 322 …”

Article 179 Periods of prescription S. 762-764

„… Common European Sales Law (P) 726 Møgelvang-Hansen 2 3 4 5 D. Criticism Although there is a general trend …” „… required in sales contracts between traders within a reasonable time from the discoverability and no later …” „… consumption7 and does not affect right to damages according to the rules of the law of contractual or …”

Article 55 Damages for loss S. 330-334

„… ?, p 197. Article 55 Common European Sales Law (P) 294 Pfeiffer 1 2 3 can be raised independently from …” „… 323 et seq. Article 55 Common European Sales Law (P) 296 Pfeiffer 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 in exceptional …” „… between price and main object. Under art 54(2), the limitation applies by mere operation of law. It is …”

Article 163 Reduction of loss S. 686-688

„… Schlechtriem/Schwenzer (eds), Commentary on CISG, art 77 no 7. Article 163 Common European Sales Law (P) 650 Možina 1 2 3 …” „… purchase or sale. A substitute transaction can also consist of a lease: if, eg a taxi company concludes a …” „… contract of sale for a taxi and the seller notifies the company that the car will be delivered with a delay …”

Article 168 Rate of interest and accrual S. 704-708

„… different claims from the same contract between the same parties. Article 168 Common European Sales Law (P …” „… payment (art 168[2]) should apply here. Article 168 Common European Sales Law (P) 670 Možina 10 11 12 13 …” „… third country, the interest rate applied by the European Central Bank to its most recent main …”

Article 15 Information about the identity and address of the trader S. 174-176

„… . Article 15 Common European Sales Law (P) 138 Howells/Watson 3 4 5 6 7 D. Criticism The requirement to …” „… contact them. B. Context In the context of the sale of goods, the information about the trader’s identity …” „… and address have always been a central element of EU consumer law since the Distance Selling Directive …”

Article 7 Not individually negotiated contract terms Mazeaud/Sauphanor-Brouillaud S. 142-145

„… Group, Acquis Principles, Contract II, p 302. Article 7 Common European Sales Law (P) 106 …” „… apply. Article 8 Common European Sales Law (P) 108 Zoll 1 2 3 …”

Article 95 Time of delivery S. 487-490

„… con- Article 95 Common European Sales Law (P) 450 Zoll 1 stitutes a case of non-performance, with all …” „… ’ or does it just inflexibly prescribe a 30-day pe- 1. 2. Article 95 Common European Sales Law (P) 452 …”

Article 144 Goods placed at buyer’s disposal S. 646-648

„… ’, in Schmidt-Kessel (ed), Ein einheitliches europäisches Kaufrecht?, p 484. Article 144 Common European …” „… Sales Law (P) 610 Zoll/Watson 1 2 3 4 5 6 were to collect the goods before this time, the risk will pass …” „… ’ sales or delivery by the seller to the buyer’s place of business (cf art 145).2 Three requirements for …”

Article 108 Mandatory nature S. 531-532

„… ’, Zentrum für Europäisches Wirtschaftsrecht No 196, pp 45–48. Article 108 Common European Sales Law (P) 494 …” „… Sales Directive that the liability for the lack of conformity in B2C contracts must be mandatory and the …” „… lowering the quality of the goods, even in negotiated contracts. The mandatory law here therefore protects …”

Article 156 Requirement of notification of lack of conformity in related service contracts between traders S. 668-669

„… optionales europäisches Kaufrecht, p 269. Article 157 Common European Sales Law (P) 632 Zoll/Watson 3 4 5 6 1 …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 A. Function Art 156 has a similar function to art 122 in the case of the sales contract. It is …”

Article 117 Scope of right to terminate S. 559-560

„… part of it. Article 117 Common European Sales Law (P) 522 Zoll 1 2 B. Explanation I. Partial …” „… the sales contract on the related service (cf art 137 no 7). In relation to mixed contracts art …”

Introduction to arts 40–47 S. 246-247

„… Entwurf für ein optionales europäisches Kaufrecht, pp 165–166. Article 40 Common European Sales Law (P …” „… Schulze (ed), Common Frame of Reference and Existing EC Contract Law, pp 147–151; Twigg-Flesner/Schulze …” „… ), European Union Private Law, Cambridge: Cambridge (2010), pp 191–195; Micklitz et al, Cases, Materials and …”

Article 104 Buyer’s knowledge of lack of conformity in a contract between traders S. 523-524

„… – 2:307 DCFR and art 35(3) CISG. Article 104 Common European Sales Law (P) 486 Zoll 22 1 1 2 right to …” „… consumer sales contract, any lack of conformity which becomes apparent within six months of the time when …”

Introduction to arts 79–86 S. 413-414

„… ), Towards a European Contract Law, p 97. Intro to arts 79–86 Common European Sales Law (P) 376 …” „… a European Contract Law, p 123. 2 Mazeaud, ‘Unfairness and Non-negotiated Terms’, in Schulze/Stuyck …” „… (eds), Towards a European Contract Law, p 126. 3 De Cristofaro, ‘“Invalidity” of Contracts and Contract …”

Article 150 Performance by a third party S. 659

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Article 151 Common European Sales Law (P) 622 Zoll/Watson 8 1 2 …”

Article 60 Reference to contract as a whole S. 349-350

„… the same expression is used 1 Cf art 4.2 UNIDROIT PICC. Article 60 Common European Sales Law (P) 312 …” „… common meaning given to terms in the relevant branch, regard must always be paid to the contract as a …”

Article 165 Current price S. 691-692

„… 164). Article 165 Common European Sales Law (P) 654 Možina 1 2 3 II. Current price The next …” „… currency is the euro or in a third country, the rate applied by the European Central Bank to its most …” „… refinancing operations of the European Central Bank, plus two percentage points; 1 Due to the different …”

Article 33 Rejection of offer S. 228-229

„… Explanatory Memorandum CESL (P), p 8. 1 RegCESL (P), recital 27. Article 34 Common European Sales Law (P) 192 …” „… influence legal capacity continue to be governed by the applicable national law.4 Article 34 Acceptance 1 …” „… be represented. This is left to the applicable national law.1 3 Von Bar/Clive (eds), DCFR, Full …”

Article 183 Postponement of expiry in case of incapacity S. 772-773

„… Common European Sales Law (P) 736 Møgelvang-Hansen 3 4 5 …” „… of other rules in CESL (P) concerning incapacity, therefore recourse to national law is necessary (cf …” „… governed by the rules of national law, applicable under the relevant conflict of law rule, defining the …”

Article 21 Burden of proof S. 193-194

„… . Article 21 Common European Sales Law (P) 156 Howells/Watson 1 2 burden of proof to B2C contracts other …” „… introduced and records kept traders should be able relatively easily to satisfy the court to the civil law …”

Article 82 Duty of transparency in contract terms not individually negotiated S. 418-419

„… European Sales Law (P) 382 Mazeaud/Sauphanor-Brouillaud 6 7 8 …” „… to his disadvantage. D. Criticism It is regrettable that the European legislator did not consider it …” „… terms; and (e) to the terms of any other contract on which the contract depends. Article 83 Common …”

Article 103 Limitation on conformity of digital content S. 523

„… – 2:307 DCFR and art 35(3) CISG. Article 104 Common European Sales Law (P) 486 Zoll 22 1 1 2 …”

Article 171 Mandatory nature S. 715-716

„… . Article 171 Common European Sales Law (P) 678 Možina 1 Part VII Restitution Chapter 17 Restitution Article …”

Article 81 Mandatory nature S. 417-418

„… trader has no effect. Article 81 Common European Sales Law (P) 380 Mazeaud/Sauphanor-Brouillaud 7 1 2 3 …”

Article 62 Preference for individually negotiated contract terms S. 352-354

„… 567. Article 62 Common European Sales Law (P) 316 Wendehorst 1 2 3 4 II. Inconsistencies between terms …” „… it must be a rebuttable presumption only as the common intention of the parties, if it can be …”

Article 136 Termination for anticipated non-performance S. 628-630

„… , Mohs, in Schlechtriem/Schwenzer (eds), Commentary on CISG, art 72 no 34. Article 136 Common European …” „… Sales Law (P) 592 Dannemann 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 If the buyer makes no such declaration, the seller may …” „… hand, not any failure to perform which is based on a legitimate, different appreciation of the law …”

Article 2 Good faith and fair dealing S. 126-128

„… question.’3 3 Cf the definition in art 2(b) RegCESL (P). Article 2 Common European Sales Law (P) 90 …” „… Zimmermann/Whittaker (eds), Good Faith in European Contract Law, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge (2000). 2 …” „… The laws of the Member States differ very much in respect to whether they acknowledge a general duty …”

Article 182 Postponement of expiry in the case of negotiations S. 771-772

„… , Full Edition, p 1178. Article 182 Common European Sales Law (P) 734 Møgelvang-Hansen 1 2 3 4 The one …”

Article 61 Language discrepancies S. 350-352

„… European Sales Law (P) 314 Wendehorst 2 3 4 5 6 that this language has dominated the negotiations between …” „… precisely a case where the rule came into play, cf UNIDROIT (ed), UNIDROIT PICC, p 145. Article 61 Common …” „… only as the common intention of the parties, if it can be ascertained, prevails even over the clear and …”

Article 157 Remedies of the service provider S. 669-670

„… , p 269. Article 157 Common European Sales Law (P) 632 Zoll/Watson 3 4 5 6 1 The structure of the CESL …”

Article 118 Notice of termination S. 560-561

„… Wendehorst/Zöchling-Jud (eds), Am Vorabend eines GEK, p 138. Article 119 Common European Sales Law (P) 524 Zoll 2 1 2 …”

List of Cases S. 34-38

„… Sales Law THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, Having regard to the Treaty on …” „… Cases XXXVI Proposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on a Common European …” „… the Functioning of the European Union, and in particular Article 114 thereof, Having regard to the …”

Article 158 Customer’s right to decline performance S. 670-672

„… freely. Article 158 Common European Sales Law (P) 634 Zoll/Watson 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Part VI Damages and …”

Article 162 Loss attributable to creditor S. 684-686

„… . Article 162 Common European Sales Law (P) 648 Možina 1 2 3 caused by the creditor; if the creditor has …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845265469

Tapiwa Shumba - Harmonising Regional Trade Law in the Southern African Development Community (SADC)

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Tapiwa Shumba

Harmonising Regional Trade Law in the Southern African Development Community (SADC)

Series: Recht und Verfassung in Afrika - Law and Constitution in Africa

Volume 27 2015

Results in this title

The Common European Sales Law (CESL) S. 248-295

„… lawyer.com/law-to-smooth-eu-trade-could-face-a-rough-ride/1010027> (accessed 15-08-2013). Chapter 6: The Common European Sales Law (CESL) 286 fication.127 …” „… The Common European Sales Law (CESL) Introduction Although there are other regional economic …” „… ), sugar (Swaziland) Chapter 6: The Common European Sales Law (CESL) 250 SADC region should have a sound …”

Bibliography S. 330-359

„… Notariats of the European Union Position for a Common European Sales Law (2011) available at …” „… and the ‘CFR in Context’ Project” in Dannemann G & Vogenauer S (eds) The Common European Sales Law in …” „… European Sales Law (2012) Munich: Sellier European Law 25-55 DiMatteo LA “Common European Sales Law: A …”

A Common SADC sales law S. 296-329

„… of Laws” (1978) 9 Federal Law Review 284-325 at 289. Chapter 7: A Common SADC sales law 302 European …” „… Business Laws in Africa (the OHADA) and the Common European Sales Law (CESL). The CISG was approached on …” „… European Sales Law. Chapter 7: A Common SADC sales law 310 Furthermore, to attract foreign investment into …”

The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) S. 138-193

„… of European Contract Law, the Common European Sales Law, the OHADA Uniform Acts and many more. It has …” „… .137 The Common European Sales Law also closely resembles the CISG.138 In Africa, the OHADA Uniform Act …” „… Law Unification: With a Focus on the Common European Sales Law (2012) 97-123 and also U Magnus …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-19

„… General Commercial Law Uniform Act Book VIII 5.4.3 243 Conclusion5.5 246 The Common European Sales Law …” „… 264 European Union legislation (directives and regulations) 6.4.2 266 The Common European Sales Law …” „… Economic and Monetary Community CESL Common European Sales Law CEPGL Economic Community of the Great Lakes …”

Harmonisation of laws S. 48-89

„… the Common European Sales Law (2012) 25-55 at 52. 52 See General Assembly Resolution 2205 (XXI) of 17 …” „… Sales Law proposal. See N Kornet “The Common European Sales Law and the CISG - Complicating or …” „… European Sales Law (2012) 25-55 at 52. Chapter 2: Harmonisation of laws 66 legal competition and can be …”

International trade in a new globalised economic order S. 20-47

„… Optional Common European Sales Law: Advantages and Problems: Advice to the UK Government” (2011) ii …” „… European Union (EU) and the Common European Sales Law (CESL) as an example of regional sales law, and …” „… available at lawcommission.justice.gov.uk/docs/Common_European_Sales_La w_Summary.pdf> (accessed …”

Legal harmonisation within the current legal, institutional and operational framework of SADC S. 90-137

„… “Regional and Global Unification of Sales Law” (2011) 13 European Journal of Law Reform 370-379 at 370. 5 …” „… at 111-113 and I Schwenzer “Regional and Global Unification of Sales Law” (2011) 13 European Journal …” „… , Problems and Prospects” in CM Dickerson (ed) Unified Business Laws for Africa: Common Law Perspective on …”

The Organisation for the Harmonisation of Business Laws in Africa (OHADA) S. 194-247

„… ” in U Magnus (ed) CISG vs Regional Sales Law Unification: With a Focus on the Common European Sales …” „… Law” in U Magnus (ed) CISG vs. Regional Sales Law Unification: With a Focus on the Common European …” „… for Africa: Common Law Perspectives on OHADA (2012) 43-44; and F Ferrari “The CISG and OHADA Sales Law …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845261218

Jonathon Watson - Das Right to Reject im Consumer Rights Act 2015

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Jonathon Watson

Das Right to Reject im Consumer Rights Act 2015

Series: Europäisches Privatrecht

Volume 53 2018

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Literaturverzeichnis S. 295-309

„… .), The Common European Sales Law in Context, Oxford 2013, 647. Clive, Eric: Time to Reflect on the …” „… 1993, 442. – (Hg.), Common European Sales Law – Commentary, Baden-Baden 2012. Zitiert als CESL …” „… modernisation of sales law?, LMQLQ 1995, 191. Literaturverzeichnis 300 – European Consumer Law, in …”

Das right to reject im Consumer Rights Act 2015 S. 147-224

„… Instrument des „right to reject“ von der Common Law-Ausgestaltung und der Variante des Sale of Goods Act …” „… , Sale of Goods Act 1893 – Entstehung, Bedeutung und Anwendung in den Common Law Ländern, 1971, S. 16 ff …” „… Macleod, Consumer Sales Law, 2. Aufl., 2007, S. 3; Oughton /Willett, Quality Regulation in European …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-20

„… (Information, Cancellation and Additional Charges) Regulations 2013 (SI 2013 No. 3134) CESL Common European …” „… Sales Law Ch Chancery CI&F Clark & Finnelly's House of Lords Cases CISG United Nations Convention on …” „… the International Sale of Goods CLC CCH Commercial Law Cases CLJ Consumer Law Journal CLR …”

Nationalrechtliche Grundlage S. 29-90

„… Common Law und Gesetzesvorschriften des Sale of Goods Act 1979 nicht erleichtert. Beispielhaft hierfür …” „… dem Common Law als auch nach dem Sale of Goods Act 1979 kann das Verhalten des …” „… . In Abweichung von den einschlägigen Grundsätzen des Common Law,111 legt der Sale of Goods Act 1979 …”

Final right to reject S. 251-280

„… Reduction and Damages, in: Vogenauer/Dannemann (Hg.), The Common European Sales Law in Context, 2013, 671 …” „… Worthwhile Changes or Additions to English Sales Law?, Pace Int’l L. Rev 2000, 37. 9 Nach dem Common Law …” „… Verhandlungsstärke geringer als im allgemeinen System des Sale of Goods Act 1979 und nach dem Common Law. 2 …”

Europarechtliche Grundlage S. 91-146

„… of European Contract Law and the Need of Creating a Common Terminology, ERPL 2003, 762 f. 126 Vgl …” „… European Sale of Goods Act, Centro di Studi e Ricerche di Diritto Comparato e Straniero (herausgegeben …” „… : Twigg-Flesner (Hg.), European Union Private Law, 2010, 243; auch Luzak, A Storm in a Teacup? On Consumers …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845286389

André Janssen, Hans Schulte-Nölke - Researches in European Private Law and Beyond

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André Janssen (ed.), Hans Schulte-Nölke (ed.)

Researches in European Private Law and Beyond

2020

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Larry A. DiMatteo The Quest for Uniform Laws S. 219-240

„… EU has recognized this scenario as a problem but a harmonized law (Common European Sales Law) that …” „… harmonization in Europe, such as the failure of the Common European Sales Law, the harmonization movement should …” „… laws in the areas of online sales and digital content demonstrates that European contract law may play …”

Edoardo Ferrante The Amended Proposal COM (2017) 637: a ‘New’ European Sales Law? S. 43-64

„… – The Lawyers’ View, 2013; DiMatteo, How Innovative is the Common European Sales Law? Using the CISG as …” „… Proposal From the ashes of the Common European sales law (CESL)3 and, going further back in time, the ones …” „… the European Parliament and of the Council on a Common European Sales Law (COM[2011]0635- C …”

Pietro Sirena The Contracting Parties’ Choice of European Soft Law: Its Validity and Limits S. 163-178

„… the Lando Commission and the European Commission’s proposed Regulation for a Common European Sales Law …” „… unsuccessful, just as the project to introduce a Common European Sales Law (CESL) was.38 Resistance not only …” „… ), Banco Español de Crédito SA/Calderón Camino. 38 Schulze (ed.), Common European Sales Law (CESL …”

Matthias Lehmann Towards New Horizons: Commenting and Codifying European Business Law S. 25-42

„… European Sales Law (CESL).1 During the first decades of European Private Law, the focus of the discussion …” „… Private Law Within the community of European private lawyers, Reiner Schulze has always cut a dynamic …” „… Part 2: Researches in European Private Law … Towards New Horizons: Commenting and Codifying …”

Dirk Staudenmayer Towards a European Private Law of the Digital Economy? - Trends S. 65-90

„… contractual clauses related to payment details.98 The Common European Sales Law (CESL),99 which contained …” „… Proposal for a Regulation on a Common European Sales Law, COM (2011) 635 final. 100 See its Chapter 8 on …” „… Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on a Common European Sales Law, Textbook, 2012, p …”

Stefano Delle Monache Unfair Contracts in European Contract Law S. 125-140

„… reference to the Proposal for a Regulation on a Common European Sales Law (CESL), see Schulze/Zoll, European …” „… contract law, Baden-Baden, 2016, p. 72: ‘The ability to choose the optional European sales law is a …” „… ’. Ba- IIX. 59 See Principles, Definitions and Model Rules of European Private Law (Draft Common Frame …”

André Janssen Die Bedeutung der Rechtsvergleichung für die deutsche Zivilrechtslandschaft im 21. Jahrhundert S. 299-324

„… Commercial Contracts (PICC),31 der (allerdings gescheiterte) Entwurf eines Common European Sales Law (CESL)32 …” „… and Model Rules of European Private Law: Draft Common Frame of Reference (DCFR) - Outline Edition …” „… auch die deutsche Vertragsgestaltungspraxis selbst. So werden Verträge aus dem Common Law-Bereich …”

Ulrich Magnus CISG und Europäisches Privatrecht S. 241-262

„… Traces of the CISG in the Draft of the Common European Sales Law, in: Schwenzer/Spagnolo (eds …” „… European Private Law; Draft Common Frame of Reference (DCFR) (2009). 106 S. dazu Magnus, The Roots and …” „… . nur einige seiner jüngsten Veröffentlichungen: Schulze/Zoll, European Contract Law (2018 …”

Barbara Pasa Legal Translation Within the EU and the Shift of National Legal Paradigms S. 193-218

„… Groot (Nomos: Baden-Baden, 1999) and Common Principles of European Private Law, together with Ajani …” „… the design of the first Research Network on ‘Common Principles of European Private Law’, within the …” „… that both the EU law-making process and the transposition of European directives into national legal …”

Cristina Amato, Elise Poillot Towards a European Culture of Legal Clinics: Transplanting the American Clinical Model S. 383-412

„… idea of Europe struck me and guided me through the unknown and uncertain world of European private law …” „… of a ‘made in Europe’ legal culture, according to which European private law cannot be rooted only on …” „… comparative law concerning national systems: instead, it may find its meaning in an European context and in …”

H.L.E. Verhagen Towards an Optimal Conflict Rule for Assignment S. 263-282

„… “Common Principles of European Private Law” directed by Reiner Schulze has led to many fruitful scientific …” „… cornerstones’ of the system of European private international law in contractual matters.7 Party autonomy not …” „… Autonomy in International Property Law (München: Sellier European Law Publishers 2012), p. (207). A more …”

Jürgen Basedow Court of Justice ‘light’ – The Procedural Choices of the Court and Their Impact on the Quality of Private Law Decisions – S. 179-192

„… on European Private Law, mainly on its development by legislation and the pre-legislative academic …” „… tackled, at an early stage, the judicial contribution to the emerging private law of the European Union …” „… most significant type of procedure in the European system. In the discussion on the private law of the …”

Esther Arroyo Amayuelas The Dialogue Between Courts Concerning Directive 93/13 with Special Regard to the Default Interest Terms S. 141-162

„… , Reiner Schulze has been a window on European Private Law, since long before its study was felt to be …” „… Spain, on the contribution of the history of law to a science of European private law.1 At that time the …” „… fairness”, Journal of European Consumer and Market Law (EuCML), 2017, 4, p. 157-166. 3 Ordás Alonso, El …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845298467

Juan Carlos Dastis - Das Rücktrittsrecht des Käufers im Europäischen Privatrecht

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Juan Carlos Dastis

Das Rücktrittsrecht des Käufers im Europäischen Privatrecht

Series: Europäisches Privatrecht

Volume 49 2017

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Literaturverzeichnis S. 351-384

„… , Régine/Vanbossele, Frédéric: The Optional Common European Sales Law for European Contract Law: Better Buyer …” „… Common European Sales Law: A Law and Economics Approach, (2014) 10 ERCL 331–364. Goode, Roy …” „… Obligations, E.R.P.L. 15 (2007), 835–839. – Common European Sales Law: If It Does Not Help, It Won’t Harm …”

Abkürzungsverzeichnis S. 21-28

„… commerce et d’industrie de Paris CESL Common European Sales Law – Vorschlag für eine Verordnung des …” „… CML.Rev. Common Market Law Review Code civil Code civil (des français, soweit nicht näher spezifiziert …” „… ) Colum.J.Eur.L. Columbia Journal of European Law Colum.L.Rev. Columbia Law Review COM European Commission …”

Kapitel 1: Grundlagen S. 29-41

„… Zweigert, S. 481, 486 ff. 9 Überblick bei Dannemann/Vogenauer (Hg.), in: The Common European Sales Law in …” „… (Common European Sales Law – CESL) vom 11. Oktober 201119. In Anbetracht der kurzen Intervalle zwischen …” „… vertraglichen Rücktrittsrechten näher Chen-Wishart/Magnus, in: The Common European Sales Law in Context, S. 647 …”

Kapitel 4: Nationale Rechtsordnungen im Überblick S. 121-202

„… Rücktrittsrechte. Denn ein right to cure 2. 662; MacQueen/Dauner-Lieb/Tettinger, in: The Common European Sales Law …” „… warranties die Rede ist, existiert auch im Anwendungsbereich des Sale of Goods Act die common law-Kategorie …” „… the Sale of Goods Act“; Mak, Performance-Oriented Remedies in European Sale of Goods Law, S. 161 ff …”

Kapitel 6: Textstufenanalyse der Modellregelungen S. 237-282

„… , in: FS für Konzen, S. 331, 332 ff.; Magnus, in: International Sales Law, S. 257, 274 f. 15 BGHZ 132 …” „… abzulehnen, Koch, in: An International Approach to the Interpretation of the CISG (1980) as Uniform Sales Law …” „… ; Magnus, in: International Sales Law, S. 257, 274. 26 Siehe oben Kapitel 5 A.I.1. Dieser Unterschied ist …”

Kapitel 5: Fallanalyse S. 203-236

„… Rechtssicherheit in Handelsketten Chen-Wishart/Magnus, in: The Common European Sales Law in Context, S. 647, 659 …” „… , in: The Common European Sales Law in Context, S. 647. 163 Bei Geldschulden ist der Unterschied …” „… law-Kategorie der innominate terms, oben Kapitel 4 C.IV.1. 70 Zu sec. 14(2A) Sale of Goods Act Chitty on …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-20

„… materiellen Ansatzes5. 152 Das Rücktrittsrecht im Sale of Goods ActIV. 153 Verhältnis von common law und Sale …” „… Dissertation in das Programme in European Private Law for Postgraduates (PEPP) aufgenommen zu werden. Die …” „… . 144 Das Rücktrittsrecht im common law: conditions, innominate terms und warranties III. 146 Dichotomie …”

Kapitel 2: Interessen und Grundlagen S. 42-84

„… Model Rules of European Private Law: Draft Common Frame of Reference (DCFR) Full Edition, Bd. I, S. 852 …” „… McKendrick (Hg.), Sale of Goods, 10-004; Chen-Wishart, Contract Law, S. 462; Harris/Campbell/Halson, Remedies …” „… of European Contract Law, Parts I and II, Official Comment A to Art. 9:301, S. 409: „serious …”

Kapitel 7: Rücktrittsrecht des Käufers de lege ferenda S. 283-350

„… Kapitel 7 B.II. 210 Mak, Performance-Oriented Remedies in European Sale of Goods Law, S. 61 ff. 211 …” „… Rechtsordnungen und dem common law29. Die anticipatory breach-Doktrin bietet ein Beispiel dafür, dass dies nicht …” „… als Kaufgegenstand erstreckt werden sollten, hat gerade erst begonnen, siehe etwa European Law …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845284156

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